Organizational Databases

Organizational Databases Randal Chatman University of Phoenix CIS 207 Information System Fundamentals Carlos Andrade December 19, 2011 Abstract This paper is designed to discuss the structure and use of a database system that is currently being used by a nationally recognized telecommunications and entertainment company. It will contain information about the specific type of database that is being used by this company. According to Webopedia, â€Å"a database is a collection of information organized in such a way that a  computer  program  can quickly  select  desired pieces of  data.You can think of a  database  as an electronic filing  system† (Database, 2011). Every company has some type of database system that holds information that needs to be accessed regularly by the employees to be used to complete a task or goal. There will be some recommendations of improvements to the company procedures of the use of the described database. Organizational Database Now that we are in the computer age we no longer need to use a pen and a sheet of paper to write down information that we will need to refer back to in the future.Nor will we need to use a filing system with folders and large clunky file cabinets to store company information. In today’s business world companies use databases to store company information and keep it organized. What exactly is a database? According to Webopedia, â€Å"a database is a collection of information organized in such a way that a  computer  program  can quickly  select  desired pieces of  data. You can think of a  database  as an electronic filing  system† (Database, 2011). Companies in today’s business world use databases to organize various types of information for the benefit and use of its employees to complete a task.In order for computers to access the database, it will need a database application. â€Å"A database application is a computer program whose primary purpose is entering and retrieving information from a computer managed database† (Database Application, 2011). There are several types of data base applications such as Microsoft Access, Oracle, and My SQL. Oracle is a database application that we will look at in a little more detail as it pertains to a specific department of nationally recognized business. Oracle has been around and creating database technology for over 30 years.When it comes to using Oracle with the department mentioned. It is mainly used to maintain and organize an inventory or devices that are being sold to the public. These devices include cell phones, tablets, computers, and a wide variety of accessories for the higher priced merchandise. Oracle keeps a count of the exact number of a particular product the department has. The products are organized in two categories. The first category is called serialized items which contains everything with a serial number. The serialized items are also the most expens ive items in the department.Of course all these items have a model name and number but in order to keep track, these items have sku number associated with them. The sku numbers in the serialized category all begin with a 6. This is a way to prevent confusion when it comes to what goes where. The second category is called non-serialized items which contains items without a serial number. These items are also assigned a sku number and these numbers begin with a 7 or a 4. The Oracle database is masked by the department’s point of sale system.This was designed so that there is a smooth communication between what is sold and what is still in inventory. The database system is a companywide used system and is also used to access inventories of various locations in order to transfer products back and forth. This helps when one location is out or has low quantities of a product and may need additional units. Of course there are times when all great database systems have issues that ma y affect the workplace. Because the Oracle database system runs behind OPUS which is the point of sale system it can affect potential sales within the organization.Serialized items cannot be sold when the database is down because the specific serial numbers must be removed from the system. Non-serialized items can continue to be sold because they are only counted by their sku only and there are not any specific serial numbers associated with those sku’s. A recommendation for improvement is to develop a backup database that will supplement when the main database crashes. By having this in place, it can improve the amount of down time that is associated with inventory count information.Businesses across the country are using databases to store company information and keep this information as organized as possible. Database applications have made this process easier by allowing these businesses to have access to the information they need daily. Though all businesses use database s for different reasons, databases are now a necessity for a successful organization to thrive in today’s business world. References Database. (2011). Webopedia. Retrieved from http://www. webopedia. com/TERM/D/database. html Database Application. (2011). Wikipedia. Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Database_application

Literary Anlysis of Jane Eyre – Victorian Era

Many themes, styles, genres, and modes of Victorian Literature are reflected in the works of the Bronte Sisters', especially that of Jane Eyre. Common themes of victorian literature are shared with Jane Eyre. Food was a reoccurring theme of throughout many Victorian novels because of the hunger that many people faced in this time period. This theme is reflected in the vivid description of under nourishment at Lowood School in Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre. Another common theme was women's morality and sensuality.Before the publication of Jane Eyre, women were simple and genuine under the expectations of society, the â€Å"wife and mother from whom all morality sprang† (Lowes). After this novel was published, the â€Å"new woman† became predominant who was based off the main character, Jane, who was independent, strong, forward, and radical in the sense of marriage and contraception opinions. The theme of sex scandal goes along with women's morality and sensuality because it, also, went against the prior conservative social expectations and beliefs for women. This theme started to become common in victorian literature.An example of sex scandal is in Jane Eyre when Jane got involved with Rochester, her wealthy boss, and ended up marrying him. Jane Eyre is written in first-person from the point of view of Jane. The genre of Jane Eyre can be classified as many different types; Romance, Mystery, and Gothic Fiction. It can be considered a classic romantic novel because of the passionate relationship that Jane and Rochester form. It is a mystery in the sense that throughout the book, Jane suspects something about Rochester and his past based on the incident of Grace Pool accidently setting his bed on fire in a drunken state and not getting fired for it.She then discovers the secret of his past that he has a wife, Bertha, who has one mad and was the one who set his bed on fire. It is considered Gothic Fiction because of the supernatural and fantasy element s that Charlotte Bronte includes (http://www. shmoop. com/jane-eyre/literary-devices. html) Through Charlotte's unique writing style, she incorporates â€Å"fantasy elements in Jane Eyre through references to fairy tales, prophetic dreams, mythic imagery, and extraordinary plot twists,† (Shwingen).An example of the mythic imagery is shown through Charlotte's emphasis on the image of passion. Jane was always a passionate and emotional character since she was a child. Charlotte writes about Jane after her cousin hits her with the book, â€Å"my blood was still warm; the mood of the revolted slave was still bracing me with its bitter vigor. † The image of her warm blood and her intense anger compared to that of a revolted slave shows Jane's great emotion even as a child.This image is emphasized through imagery when Charlotte writes of Jane's feelings for Rochester as â€Å"fiery iron† and â€Å"blackness and burning†. These figurative images of a fire portra y to the reader the intense passion that Jane has for Rochester. Fire is another image that Charlotte writes about throughout the novel; â€Å"in the bedroom blaze which Jane saved Rochester from, in the language that both Rochester and Jane use in describing their emotions towards each other, and in the final fire that destroyed Thornfield Hall, crippled Rochester, and killed Bertha,† (Vaughon).In Vaughon's opinion, this imagery of fire and passion was Charlotte's way of emphasizing the unethical and sinful love that Jane and Rochester shared with each other based on the fire of hell. As said before, in Victorian times, this relationship would be considered scandalous not only based on the difference in their classes, but also because they believed in purity. Charlotte goes against the traditional beliefs with her imagery of passion and lust between Jane and Rochester. Charlotte's writing style is generally educated, complex, and emotion filled.Most of her sentences are cont ain numerous adjectives and sensual images. Her unique style may be overwhelming for some readers, but it's powerful and strong. The reader is able to identify with Jane Eyre as a character through the complex sentence structure that is filled with emotion and imagery. (http://reviewmaterials. tripod. com/english/jane_eyre. html) According to George P. Landow, Jane Eyre is divided into five distinct settings. The story starts off when Jane is a child living in her relative's, the Reed's, house in Gateshead Hall.Then she is sent to Lowood school and has many experiences there with Miss. Temple, Helen Burns, and Mr. Brocklehurst. After eight years in boarding school, she lives at Thornfield as a governess to Adele. This is where she falls in love with her boss, Rochester. Then she moves out after he discovery of Bertha, Rochester's mad wife. She is then taken into the Moor House by her cousins, the Rivers. In the end, she is reunited with Rochester at the Ferndean Manor. Each setting of the book has it's own unique mood in strong relation to the characters present at each place. For example,Robert B.Martin points out that the setting of Thornfield is much more personal than the two preceding settings at Gateshead and Lowood because of the connection Jane makes to Rochester and the connection Rochester has to Thornfield (George P. Landow). In chapter 11, Mrs. Fairfax first makes mention to Rochester when she says, â€Å"Great houses and fine grounds require the presence of the proprietor†. Because Mrs. Fairfax said this, Jane felt as though it was not alive unless Rochester was present which is strongly connected to how Jane felt lonely and down because when he was not there.This connection between character and setting reflects the complex mood of Thornfield depending on whether Rochester is there or not. When he is away on a trip, the mood is somber and desolate because the reader can understand and feel the longing that Jane has for Rochester and the lo neliness she feels in the huge, empty house. When he is there, the mood changes to exciting and intimate because of the strong feelings that Jane has toward him and the liveliness that she associates with the house. Charlotte Bronte does a great job with reflecting the characters in Jane Eyre to the reader through her writing.One very unique and interesting character is Bertha, Rochester's insane wife. The Victorians during the nineteenth century had a fascination with health, sometimes greater than that of politics, religion, and Darwinism. They believed â€Å"an interdependent mind-body connection gained strength, and many people saw physical and mental health as being interrelated rather than separate entities,† (Sonja Mayer). According to Mayer, these attitudes of the time are reflected in Bertha's character through her mental illness and the physical threat she puts on Rochester.Compared to Jane, Bertha is her opposite and portrayed to the reader as a monster. Rochester â€Å"describes her as having ‘red balls' for eyes, a ‘mask' instead of a face, and ‘bulk' instead of an attractive form like Jane,† (Sonja Mayer). Jane is strong in body and mind. She endured the unhealthy conditions at Lowood where many students had died and survived through cold and hunger when she had ran away from Thornfield and lived outside. Her mental strength is shown through her courage as a child with her evil aunt, bullying cousin, and hypocritical head master.She stayed true to herself and motivated to be successful as a woman in this time despite the difficult situations these people had created for her. In contrast, Bertha is portrayed by Rochester as having â€Å"gone mad†. The Victorians would view this as a lack of mental strength. She, also, poses a threat to Rochester physically by her acts such as setting his bed on fire while he was sleeping, lunging at him and Jane in the room, and actually succeeding in burning down the house a t the the end of the book. Rochester is depicted as the ideal hero of the Victorian times.He is very romantic and charming which adds to the gothic style of this novel (Lowes). Despite his charm, there was much controversy over Rochester's character in Victorian times. English law at the time said that a man whose wife became insane could not get a divorce. To deal with his problem, he put his wife into confinement, locked in a room with a servant to care for her. He then proceeded to almost partake in bigamy by marrying Jane. Many Victorians of the time questioned why Jane would ever go back to such a man. (http://reviewmaterials. tripod. om/english/jane_eyre. html) The character of Jane isn't the traditional heroine of the time. In many romantic novels of the Victorian era, the heroine was beautiful. Jane is described by Charlotte as â€Å"simple and plain†. She also differs from the traditional heroine in her strength as a woman. Charlotte created a woman character that wa s equal to the male character. Jane is not equal in status or class, but in emotional strength and maturity. This went against society's beliefs of the time because Victorians traditionally believed that women were not capable of strong.

Littleton Manufacturing Case Study group paper Term

Littleton Manufacturing Case Study group - Term Paper Example These transformations alongside growing rivalry in the market had crucial impact on Littleton manufacturing via Brooks industries declining financial performance. In order to articulate the issue, the management of Littleton manufacturing was worried with articulating the underlying challenges that affected the corporation. The corporation after a series of boardroom talks reached a decision that was aimed at computing a human resources process improvement team-PIT, to underline the issues and second a curative course of action (Whiteside, 1994). Problems identified and their symptoms Grievances at distinct levels of the corporations firm surfaced over the concern of bad institutional communication at the company. With this as a manifestation of the institutional bottlenecks at the corporation, the management of the company sought help from students at an adjacent institution to examine the institutional communication at Littleton. The PIT panel gathered the outcome from the students and carried out an in-house scrutiny that established six essential problem areas that the corporation was to deal with. The first problem established was the deficiency of institutional concord at Littleton. The evident deficiency of institutional concord was perceived through the anxiety displayed by the employee who held to the fact that the production side got ignored over the newer ingredients side. The components side had newer technology and machines whilst the production side had obsolete and redundant machines that needed regular servicing even they never got replaced. The employees also cited the strict working environment in the production side of the firm in contrast to the ingredients side. The employees perceived the management of the components side as overly strict where that of the components side seems elastic and at ease. The employees cited the fact that the two sides of the firm seemed to have distinct management techniques (Whiteside, 1994). The second problem was pitiable view of the monitor’s duty. All levels of the plant got worried about the duty of the supervisors. The directors felt tangential, underappreciated and overworked. The directors had an incredible amount of paperwork, and this restricted the amount of time they had to cover up their levels. This, they supposed, amounted to laxity amid various employees who understood when the directors would come to the level to monitor them. The directors felt nonessential when it came to decision making. They supposed they just got from their seniors when it came to the process of decision making and got criticized when such decisions failed to deliver their expectations. The controllers were as well on morale because of the little support and resources they received from the senior managers. They supposed the senior directors never would support then if they embarked on their own decisions (Whiteside, 1994). The deficiency of uniformity in the enforcement of policies and measur es inside the distinct sides of the plant also got mentioned as a problem at Littleton. Grievances came up from the employees about the disparities inside the department and sides at the firm when imposing policies and measures. Proof of this occurred when the employees protested that various managers in the components side offered longer breaks in contrast to other managers in other departments. In the

Movie review anthropology Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Anthropology - Movie Review Example The weapons that the human and humanoid tribes used during their battle distinctly identify their differences. This film by James Cameron demonstrates the two faces of the Earth’s inhabitants. The movie Avatar depicts both the modern and conventional societies that are greedy and selfless, respectively. Each community tries to live up to what the society they live in requires of them, even if it could lead to the demise of a large group of human beings. The movie presents a number of ideas that relate to human social and cultural nature that are very significant in understanding them. People and society are often depicted in movies, and Avatar, although a science-fiction movie, is no different. Having a better life is what every human being desires to have. Man is indeed forced to do something he does not intend to because of this need. At the beginning of the movie, it has been established that Jake, the main character in the movie was obliged to replace his deceased brother since he needed money for the treatment of his leg that was injured when he was on duty in the marine. Like any human being, who does not have the capacity to pay for his own treatment, Jake submitted himself to project Pandora since he contains the genetic make-up of his twin brother necessary to make the avatar intended for him to work. Inasmuch as a person tries to avoid being subjected to a situation he does not like, his financial needs lead him to do so. Every human being has a freedom of choice. This is true. However, the society provides him with very limited choices. Although others may say they only want to live a simple life, this simplicity does not always come easy for everyone. Just as Jake wanted himself to live a normal life, he does not have the necessary amount of money to bring himself to the hospital and get the surgery that his legs needed. The desire of having a better life brought him to submit to the demands of people who could provide him his needs even thou gh he did not exactly like it. How much a human could tolerate other people’s demands was clearly illustrated in the movie when Jake could no longer perform his tasks after being subjected to the Omaticayan tribe. His video logs documents how his perspective has changed about the two different worlds he had been able to experience. Man is unable to see the other side of the world when he is deprived of the chance to see it. No comparison will be made when one does not see any point of comparison. Rich people may think being rich does not gain any advantage from the others when they do not see how poor people live their lives. When Jake was exposed to the life of the Na’vis, he could not help but compare the world he used to live in and the new world he has learned to live in Pandora. The world of humans, with all the advanced sciences and technologies that it offers, is nothing but a â€Å"dream† to him. The â€Å"real world† is the world with the Omatica ya tribe, deprived of the advanced weaponry and the machines that were brought about by modern science. Although Jake is naturally not a Na’vi, it is with them that he finds the sense of belonging, when he is treated a real human being. This shift in the main character’s perspective is instrumental as this shows that it is normal for human beings to take a turn when

Vintage Ads of Coca-Cola Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Vintage Ads of Coca-Cola - Article Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that the unique quality of the ad is the racial representation of all individuals. The sampling nature of the ad displays different aspects. Different racial backgrounds incorporate into the advert creating a feeling of acceptance by all the individuals. The ad is on a hilltop in Italy, represented by a youth singing a unity song. What makes the advert to stand out is the simplicity of the communication method; a song that unites individuals while educating the public on Coke. The ad is different from others, as it takes time before the product being advertised displays. The use of visual communication gives a unique topography, symbol, and photography. The ad provides the organization with information viewing, and television is a perfect example of visual communication. Visual communication is crucial in that it enhances the message that is being conveyed, enabling a better understanding. Visual communication in the glob al perspective and business world can be related to video conferencing, where business meetings are held without the relevant parties traveling to the designated locations. Visual communication has also been used widely in the business sector to advertise their products. The use of billboards does not require any speech, but tells the customer a lot, enabling even the hearing-impaired people to be able to get the intended message. Billboard communication is a common approach by Coca-Cola to interact and set a place in the highly competitive market. The rise of new technologies affects global communication, time and space, which are needed for the process to take place. In the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the use of the telephone was common among individuals. It is important to notice the message in the song as it achieves surround the controllable variables that make up the marketing mix. The product, price, place, promotion, and people represent the ad in various aspect ratios.

Using the IRAC rule law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Using the IRAC rule law - Essay Example Using the IRAC rule law People always assume that riots and vandalism are not liable for compensation by insurance and the police are also not liable. However, According to commercial property coverage guide a riot is â€Å"any disturbances of the public’s peace by more than three people helping each other execute destruction of property and people by use of force and aggression in an unlawful manner†. According to this rule of law it seems the peoples assumptions are wrong yet the law states otherwise. The confusion here is that for the state to be liable for compensating Eric it must be first be investigated to find out the cause and intention. This is because for the state to compensate Eric, the law states that â€Å"the loss of his pharmacy must be accidental as intentional damages and loss and criminals acts are not liable for compensation†. According to Erick’s case, the people who looted, vandalized and burnt his pharmacy do not know him personally to be doing the damage intentionally nor are they doing it to cause damage for him. Secondly, the looting and vandalism was not done by Erick himself but a rowdy group thus the insurance is liable for compensation. The state is liable for compensation in Erick’s case since the police stood by and did not prevent the rioters from vandalizing and burning his pharmacy. Therefore, Erick must be compensated for losses incurred in his shop. Eric’s pharmacy company VCS was to be delivered pharmaceuticals by Tanya who owns a pharmaceutical delivery business.

Common History of oppression of people of African descent and Research Paper

Common History of oppression of people of African descent and indigenous peoples in the United States and South Africa - Research Paper Example Black South Africans faced much discrimination against them during the colonial period whose effects can be felt to this day. The period of apartheid was characterized by the racial segregation of the majority Africans by the government. The apartheid period lasted for forty-six years (1948-1994) and during this time, many sufferings were incurred on the part of the majority African inhabitants. This research paper will primarily look at the crimes and violations committed, harms caused to the majority south Africans, the setbacks that can still be felt, the losses suffered and finally clearly lay out the reasons why the black Africans in south Africa should be compensated. Apartheid simply meant separation. It was more concern with putting apart the white and the black inhabitants. It can be seen that the separation had always existed in South Africa. This is evident in the 1913 Land Act, which suggested the separation of living areas for both whites and blacks (Lötter 21). The black inhabitants were forced to move to reserves while the whites were left to dominate and control all the available resources. In 1948, apartheid intensified after the white dominated Afrikaner National Party (ANP) won the elections.The goal of this separation was not only to separate Africans from the whites but also to separate Africans from one another by dividing them within their ethnic lines so that they could their political power. The inhabitants were separated into four groups, the majority blacks, whites, the colored people and Indians. The colored were a mixed race, which sometimes saw families being separated as parents could be classified as white while chil dren were seen as non-whites, therefore, alienated. 80% of the land was given to the whites while the other majority races only occupied the remaining 20% (Lötter 14). To further emphasize on separation, the government made sure that the whites had separate and better public facilities apart from

Business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Business - Research Paper Example Nevertheless, the company should maintain its hiring policy in relation to child labor regardless of the environment the business is operating in. In every entity, the extent to which a business can make profits is limited by the ethical framework in which the business is operating in. Ethical concerns override the selfish ambitions of the company to make profits. When a company accepts to employ children in foreign countries against its policies portrays a bad image for the company. It shows the company is only focused on making profits without considering other issues that are of greater concern. Companies with high ethical standards have always excelled because ethics is non-current asset to the business. For instance, Ford Motors was named the most ethical company of the year in 2010 (Ramsey, 2011). An analysis of financial performance of Ford Motors shows that it is excellent. From a pretax profit of $6.6 billion in 2010 to a pretax profit of $8.8 billion in 2011, it shows the company’s financial performance is growing steadily (Ramsey, 2011). This is interesting comparing how the company was struggling during the previous three years from 2010. The good financial performance is attributed to good public image. If a company compromises and chooses to endorse child employment, it will only help to taint its long-term image. Therefore, any company with long-term goals to prosper should not gamble with this issue. In addition, there are so many complexities that are leading many MNCs into child labor. One of the main reasons over time has been the level of competition. Stiff competition is driving many corporations to adopt unprofessional means of dealing with competition. One of these means is the direct cutting of operational costs of these companies. Corporations looking for lower operational costs are opting for child labor as a means of cutting down on costs (Pimpa, 2011). This is a bad approach by companies. Whenever companies adopt direct

A Good Man is Hard to Find Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

A Good Man is Hard to Find - Research Paper Example In â€Å"Flannery O’Connor’s ‘Spoiled Prophet,’† T.W. Hendricks agrees with Blythe and Sweet that the Misfit is some form of a prophet, but the former stresses that he is a misguided prophet. Finally, the article â€Å"Flannery O’Connor’s A Good Man is Hard to Find: The Moment of Grace,† by Michael Clark, argues that the grandmother received her moment of grace during her moment of death and aims to touch the Misfit and redeem him from his meaningless existence. The family represents the disintegration of human society, but the grandmother receives the gift of grace during her dying moments, and yet the Misfit, who thinks of himself as a prophet, misinterprets this act of grace and seals the emptiness of his life. The family in the story stands for the fragmentation of society, due to lack of spiritual growth. Hendricks points out that the story has explored the â€Å"spiritual exile† of two families, Bailey’s and Red Sammy’s families (203). Bailey and his wife are detached from their Southern roots (Hendricks 203). Like Hendricks, Blythe and Sweet assert that Bailey has lost his authority over his mother and children, which has resulted to a family in â€Å"disarray† (Hendricks 203). In particular, they suggest that this stands for the fall of â€Å"secular authority† (185). The grandmother schemes to â€Å"visit some of her connections in east Tennessee,† and she defies Bailey’s instructions to leave her cat (O’Connor). The children also act waywardly by kicking the car seats, yelling, and whining. Their names suggest their spoiled personalities too. John Wesley, whose name feels that his parents had high ambitions for him, is impolite to his grandmother and disrespectful of his family’s history (Hendricks 203). Still, he likens himself to a young Superman and brags that he will beat the Misfit in the face, if they meet him. June Star has tap dancing skills, which tend to get

Wilsonianism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wilsonianism - Essay Example Since Woodrow’s fourteen points provided a succinct plan for world peace, they formed part of the Treaty of Versailles. Notably, not all points were encompassed in the treaty, which ultimately resulted in its partial success. Although the Treaty of Versailles was successful, it failed substantially in its enforcement and its inherent human element. Woodrow’s fourteen points invigorated the idealistic notion of peace in the absence of victors. Woodrow’s fourteen points incorporated in the Treaty of Versailles include self determination and the League of Nations augmenting idealistic notions that concluded that the war’s aim was to end all other wars. The treaty reflected European countries’ need to end Germany’s power and affirm their own. Through the self-determination point, Woodrow points showed that some of the causes of the war, for instance, imperialism and nationalism were avoidable. This was because, theoretically, countries demanding recognition would acquire it through the world ruling countries; the US, France, Italy, France and Britain. Conversely, Woodrow’s point on the League of Nations argued that the influence of the League of Nation would unite the countries of the world and deter the incident of another war. In addition to self determination and the establishment of democracy through the League of Nations, Treaty of Versailles also incorporated Woodrow’s points on free trade, as well as open agreements. Notably, Woodrow’s points 1-13 were not encompassed in the treaty in order to give leeway for the incorporation of the League of Nations in the final treaty (Niall 74). Since the treaty failed to incorporate the first to the thirteenth points, the treaty failed to address the real causes of the war and left an imbalance of power in Europe, thereby paving the way for another war during which Germany claimed that the Treaty of Versailles was unfair. The treaty should

Action Research Essay Example for Free

Action Research Essay Abstract This paper reports the results of an action research (RA) on the effectiveness of teaching stories in a new way â€Å"Teaching Stories without Telling Them†. The purpose of this research was to justify that how interactive ways of teaching stories enables students to perform better in the classroom, how the interactive teaching expands the knowledge of both teachers and learners, and how the teacher, at the same time, is teaching and drawing on and learning from the knowledge and experience of the students. That creates an ideal teaching cycle, a self-reinforcing teaching and never ending learning process. Introduction The teacher can choose particular designs and techniques for teaching a foreign language in a particular context. No quick fix is guaranteed to provide success for all classroom situations. Every learner is unique; every teacher is unique; so is every learner-teacher relationship. The teacher’s key task is, therefore, to understand the properties of these relationships and set the classroom environment accordingly. In other countries such as Nepal, students are taught to view their teachers  as an authority and a knows-everything person in the classroom, and this value-based relationship hinders the learners from freely expressing themselves in the classroom. In this firmly established teacher-centered system, it is often offensive for the students to contradict the teacher’s point of view. This unequal classroom relationship is often seen as a cultural disposition. I believe that this is not a new issue. Many published writings have critically looked at it. However, a teacher can always adopt various strategies to increase students’ participation in the classroom activities. In order to justify this possibility, I used a technique that I have termed as â€Å"teaching stories without telling them†. If the stories are carefully chosen, students feel what they do in the classroom is relevant and meaningful to their lives. Moreover, when asked to respond personally to the texts, students become increasingly confident about expressing their own ideas and emotions. The stories involve emotions as well as intellect, which adds to motivation and contribute to personal development. This is in particular very useful where the classroom is often only source of English. Background I’m a new English Teacher at Kaunlaran High School but I have been teaching English for the last four year. The pre-requisite to join this programme is School Leaving Certificate (SLC). Practically, the students who join this course range from SLC graduates to University graduates. I also work at â€Å"English Speaking and Research Club† that runs classes for those who want to improve their speaking skills. Interestingly, the members coming to this Club include school students to professionals and businesspersons. Certainly, the classes in both settings are multilevel in nature. I would like to refer to Hess’s (2002) definition multilevel class is the class in which students vary considerably in their language and literary skills. In my case, students not only differed in language level, but also in age, motivation, expectations, attitude and interest. The Procedure In both places, I began with a pre-test in order to diagnose the learners  level of English. The candidates were tested all their skills – first day reading and writing and the second day speaking and listening. Later they were divided into three groups named as triple five (those scoring less than 50%), triple seven (those scoring between 50-60 %) and triple six (those scoring 60% above) according to their test results; but they were not informed about it. Action plan teaching process Selecting a story: (I selected stories from books available in the market. I purposely chose books that had an appropriate level of difficulty and length.) Briefing the students about the different nature of class: (I told my students that they would have to read the text and be able to answer the questions I would ask them in the class. I did not read the story. My role as a teacher and facilitator was to ask questions very carefully so that I would be able understand the story and students’ role was to make me understand the story.) Giving students the story to read at home as reading assignment: (I gave each student a copy of the same story to read at home.) Grouping the students according to their language proficiency level and carrying out the class: (I asked simple factual questions to below average group i.e. 555; reflective questions to average group i.e. 777; and interpretive and judgmental questions to above average group i.e. 666. This actually engaged every student in the classroom activity. Moreover, they were very attentive when someone was speaking. This various types of questions actually motivated all level students to participate in the classroom activity.) Carry out discussion: (I was very careful while carrying out the discussion. Sometimes the students gave contradictory answers to the same question I asked. In such situation I played a very careful role – I gave the students equal opportunity to justify their answers. My job was to facilitate them to come to an agreeing point.) Giving home assignment: (I gave different tasks to different group – I asked the below average group to write a summary of the story, I asked the average group to imagine one of the characters in the story and write the story from their own perspective. For example, imagine that you are the Brahmin in the story, write a paragraph how these three thieves cheated you. I asked the above average group to interpret t he story using their own feelings and emotions. For example, do you think you would punish these thieves if you  were a judge? Write a very logical paragraph of your argumentations. The students at the beginning were little puzzled but did not express openly. However, they participated very actively in the classroom activities. My primary aim was to promote learner autonomy, by encouraging them to take charge of their own learning (Nguyen, 2005). This became even more interesting as I purposely did not read the story to create a real information gap. If I had read the story, I would already have known everything and then the questions I asked in the classroom would have been merely mechanical ones. For this reason, I claim that the classroom language was authentic. Classroom activity In the classroom, I asked four different types of questions: factual, reflective, interpretive, and judgmental. It is vital that we understand the nature of the different types of question. I have briefly described what they mean and quoted some sample questions I used in my classroom and their respective answers that students gave. They are as follows. a) Factual questions: the questions are very simple and they can pick up the answer from the text very easily such as: T: what is the title of the story? 555: Brahmin and thieves (they can pick from the text) T: How many characters are there? 555: There are four; one Brahmin and three thieves. b) Reflective questions: the types of questions are related with peoples’ emotions, feelings and associations for which the students have to use their won feelings to characters, event and plot of the story such as: T: What could be another suitable title? 777: Brahmin and the goat (they have to associate with the text.) T: why did they try to fool the Brahmin? 777: because they want the goat. c) Interpretive questions: the types of questions are related with meaning,  purpose and values such as: T: Why do you think the title should be Brahmin and goat? 666: Because the goat also has main role in the story. d) Judgmental question: these sorts of questions allow the students to decide their feelings, emotions and response to the topic and discussion they have had together such as: T: Write a very logical description, why do you want to punish one? 666: I should judge very carefully. We all know that if we miss judge then there is no one to help poor people. In this case, any way the Brahmin is (sis) victim †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. In this way, every learner participated in the class. Though the class was multilevel, the task designed for different levels was really challenging. The classroom rule was that only the group was supposed to answer the question, in case they did not answer then other group would answer. As far as the error correction concerned, I did not correct all the errors they made in the discussion. It does not mean that I ignored all the errors. I corrected only global error not the local error. I agree with Brown’s (2000) definition that the local error is clearly and humorously recognized and recommended that they may not be corrected as long as the message is understood and correction may interrupt a learner in the flow of communication. The global error needs to be corrected in some way since the message may otherwise remain unclear and rather ambiguous. I have corrected the errors watching the situation without disturbing in their attempt to produce the language. The result I found a dramatic change in the classroom atmosphere: all trying to say something, listening to others what they say. In fact, I had never had such satisfaction in my class before even though I used pair work, group work and role-play. In this sense, I agree with Nunan’s (as cited in Hiep 2005) suggestion that the teacher should use such activities that involve oral communication, carrying out meaningful tasks and using language which is meaningful to the learners and as well as the use of materials that promote  communicative language use. Such activities helped the learners to find the ways of helping them to connect what is in the text to what is in their minds. One of the major advantages of this approach is that texts can be selected based on the richness and diversity of the language and on the relevance to the English learners who should find them both meaningful and motivating. I refer Nguyen (2005:5) â€Å"Exposing students to varieties of stories let them experie nce not only the beautiful language but also something beyond, such as sympathy with characters and engagement with emotional situations that relate to their actual lives. As a result, I found the activities vital for progress in language learning process. Such discussion certainly enhances students’ ability to pay attention, remember new grammar and vocabulary, process ideas and response appropriately. Moreover, students get enough chances to express their own ideas and opinions and discuss the opinions and ideas of other students. I agree with Byrd and Cabetas (1991:9) ‘by discussing these differences students learn to use English more clearly and to understand it better.† Moreover, they learn to clarify their own ideas, values, perspectives, and learn from others. A major innovation that I have noticed about this technique is to systematically build students’ ability to present their own ideas, opinions and feelings both accurately and confidently. I have particularly focused on maximizing student-talking time and minimizing teacher-talking time in the classroom setting. This action research proved the idea of Breen and Candlin (as cited in Byrd and Cabetas 1991) that the teacher has two roles: the first role is to facilitate the communicative process and to act as an independent participant within the teaching-learning process; second role is that of researcher and learner.

Kant and the Categorical Imperative Essay Example for Free

Kant and the Categorical Imperative Essay The possibility of the existence of right and wrong has been a subject of discussion among philosophers for centuries and many theories have been presented to answer the question of whether morals exist. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), the great German philosopher is one who has contributed profoundly to the world of philosophy and especially in regards to his thought on the subject of morality. Kant disagreed with Hume that morality is objective and not subjective. Kant wanted to propose a pure moral philosophy, one of absolute necessity and independent of all human feelings, because if it not so, it will not be absolute and binding upon every person. The purpose of morality is to affect our behaviour and that it is reason that makes humans moral and not feelings or preferences. We shall explore some of the a priori foundations of morality paying special attention to Kants categorical imperative and what exactly this was designed to solve in moral theory. To have moral worth, an act must be done in the name of ones duty, the moral worth of this act is taken from the principle from which its determined, not from what it aims to accomplish and that duty is necessary when one is acting out of respect for the law. A shopkeeper giving the buyer the right amount of change because the law states one must not steal, this is an example of a legal action because rules are being followed but for the wrong reasons. A shopkeeper returning the correct amount of change because it belongs to the customer is an example of a moral action because the action is being done for the right reasons. Kant adopts the view of morality as an unconditional ought, as opposed to a conditional ought By this he means that one should perform an act without considerations of the merits that that act may produce, in comparison with acting in order for something else to happen. This implies that acts that are moral are those that are done without being done for the sake of the merit or reward that they may bring to the person. Kant claimed that moral behaviour does not guarantee the attainment of happiness; rather that good will is crucial for actually deserving happiness. Nothing in the worldindeed nothing even beyond the worldcan possibly be conceived which could be called good without qualification except a good will (Kant 1964 p. 27). By the good will Kant means that a good will is not good because what it performs or what it effects but that it is simply good in itself. The good will is the will which acts out of respect for the moral law and from freedom, but actions such as these, if motivated by selfish or emotional factors, will then have no moral worth. There is a great deal of stress placed on the intention behind the act, consider giving money to charity for the sake of helping out, without any need for any ego gratification or such self-serving purposes, this is an instance of good will. Kants most well known contribution to ethical discussion is the categorical imperative. There are three key propositions that form the basis of Kants ethics. They are: act only on that maxim (principle) through which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law, act in a way that you never treat humanity as a means to an end and that you act as if you were a lawmaker member of a kingdom of ends. These three principles form the categorical imperative. For Kant the source of moral justification is the categorical imperative. It presents a method to determine whether or not an act may be considered to be morally correct. An imperative is either categorical or hypothetical. Kant writes, If now the action is good only as a means to something else, then the imperative is hypothetical; if it is conceived as good in itself and consequently as being necessarily the principle of a will which of itself conforms to reason, then it is categorical . . . . (Kant 1989 p. 31) As humans we all have subjective impulses desires and inclinations that may contradict the dictates of reason. These desires, whether they are material objects or gratify us in a sexual or psychological way, may in fact contradict the dictates of reason. Therefore we experience the claim of reason as an imperative, a command to act in a particular way. Kant views a person to be most free when they can overcome their temptations and it is this freedom that helps us make sense of morality. The categorical imperative emphasises the means for completing an action and places little meaning on the end result of an action, whereas the hypothetical imperative places much emphasis on the end result of an action. It is an imperative because it dictates what we should do, disregarding our desires. As rational beings we are guided through life by laws and principles, in the form of an imperative which simply orders us you must do this regardless of any desires which we may have. Hypothetical imperatives apply to us if we have a particular desire, go to university if you want to become a philosopher. An act becomes imperative when it ought to be applied to everyone, hence the basic statement of the categorical imperative being to act only on maxims that you could will to become universal laws of human nature (Kant). A categorical imperative would command you to do X inasmuch as X is intrinsically right, that is, right in and of itself, aside from any other considerationsno ifs, no conditions, no strings attached . . . a categorical imperative is unconditional (no ifs) and independent of any things, circumstances, goals, or desires. It is for this reason that only a categorical imperative can be a universal and binding law, that is, a moral law, valid for all rational beings at all times. (Miller 1984 p. 462) Immorality then would be to make exceptions for ourselves by acting only on maxims that we cannot universalize out of our own will. It is those who act in such a way and then expect others to act different to our way, who are immoral. The categorical imperative acts as a formula for universal law; by stating the prerequisites that an act must have to be considered moral, it presents a comparison for people to be able to see if they are acting morally, this being to act only on principles that you could will to become universal laws by which all who wish to act morally must comply with. It determines whether any act is right or wrong, so to do the opposite would be contradictory and this would then be an act that is not morally correct. An example that Kant puts forward in Good Will, Duty, and the Categorical Imperative, (1989) to depict this is of a man who is in extreme despair and contemplating suicide. By taking his own life he would be universalizing the principle that in order to love himself he should end his life (by doing this he is trying to improve his life by ending the despair he is feeling). Killing himself would in fact do nothing to improve his life because he would have no life at all! So you see how these contradictory acts undermine those that may be classified as morally right. Although Kants categorical imperative has been widely read and accepted by some it has had criticism. Some philosophers have thought of it as absolutist, being too black and white. But when thinking of humanity and society in which we reside, looking at morality according to the categorical imperative allows a standard rule for everyone to follow. If it was alright for some people to steal and not others this we could not call a moral and fair society. There needs to be a rule or comparison so that what acts are right and what are wrong may be differentiated from each other and the wrong acts then dealt with accordingly. Some have asked how only an action which one had no desire to do could ever have any moral worth. This to me does not seem to be what is trying to be expressed in Kantian ethics. It is not the desire per se that makes an act immoral, I think it seems that it is more the fact of this desire being the reason the act is conducted in the first place. If the act is done to fulfil a personal desire or attain that which one desires, then the act is immoral, but if the act is done for the good of the act in itself, for example donating money to an orphanage because one desires to help, then this is still what Kant would regard as a morally right act. Although Kantianism has had a profound effect on some people, producing many elaborations, translations and thought, for some it is not feasible once placed together as a whole. Kant had some very profound ideas but looking at society tody I would think he was definitely on the right thought pattern. Society and we as humans, with our impulses whether good or bad, need a clarified ethics to follow to help us separate what may be considered right and wrong in a moral sense, and it must be fair and the same for everyone, this is what Kants categorical imperative has done by creating a universal law or rule of thumb for morality. References: Kant, I. 1989 Good Will, Duty, and the Categorical Imperative. ed. Serafini, A. Ethics and Social Concern, the categorical imperative. New York: Paragon House Publishers Kant, I. 1964 Groundwork and the Metaphysics of Morals, ed. Herbert J. Paton, New York: HarperCollins. Miller, Ed. L. 1984 Questions that Matter: An Invitation to Philosophy, 3rd ed. Colorado: McGraw-Hill, Inc. http://sguthrie. net/kant. htm (accessed on 12/10/04).

Business background and overview of Nestle

Business background and overview of Nestle The Nestle is almost 140 years old company providing the vast variety of the products across the world. The company as it is very old and senior in its category have its roots in almost every country across the world. Nestle is very famous nutrition and food products company it is very vast as far as their products are concerned. In UK is also have a very much reputation and reorganization of its brands are good enough. The employment in the UK of Nestle company is almost 7,000 at the various sites across the country. The Nestle has almost 6,000 different brands which are across the globe showing the reputation and appreciation of its products and brands worldwide. The quality of the product is the symbol of the organizations commitment to build a product with care and dedication. It is a universal fact that it is the quality which retains a company in the market. Nestle always kept in mind this principle because it knows very well that customers have no tolerance for the quality of product. Nestle efforts are to maintain highly customer satisfaction products. The Company implements a system approach that insure products of highly quality. It time to time integrated its system of manufacturing producing quality products. In its research system that data is entered by the researches to visualize the quality of product. Previous researches conducted by the company shows that when quality is produced with fixed cost, a high quality form like Nestle can undercut its rivals pricess and may find it profitable to invest more on quality according to market size. This is the reason that Nestle has been remained concentrated despite market growth. In the recent years Nestle products which are produced with fixed cost, the average quality of produces increases with marke t size and the market does not fragment as it grows large. In the global markets only those products are survived which are batter in quality and in competitive pricess. The Nestle always keeps in view that market trends and international quality standards are maintained. Nestle receives a great response from the investors because of its highly reputed products and quality management. As a result of its highly fame products its market size increased manifold. Its relationship strengthens between product quality and market size. Whereas outcome of a relationship between product quality and market size familiarity of the products. In this report we examined all aspects of the nestle products. Nestle Standards The nestle quality standards ensures its products acceptance and believe of the consumers in the product. The wide range of the supply of the Nestle products through out the world is presently working as the standards of the quality are maintained by the Nestle Product management team. Quality Assurance The quality means the purity in the product manufacturing by applying the applicable and necessary tools/ techniques which is good for health. The quality ensures the first step of product popularity as the purity/quality of the product is most likely to appreciate by the consumers. The quality of the products ensures the following. popularity of the product Acceptance of the product by the consumers. Health and environmental health factors are satisfied Build organization reputation in the market Gives tough competition to the competitors Nestle has come to realize that current economic down term and keen market competition it is not easy to attract customers without maintaining product quality. Other competitors of Nestle under estimates the enormous significance of seeking and recognizing consumers view and opinions regarding product improvements and service quality besides pricing managements. Nestle given importance the areas focuses on consumers perceptions of product and service quality as well as the product prize. Nestle used to study the data which is collected through the use of questionnaires, personal interviews, observations and data obtained from the market. The Need for the Change The need for the change in any of the company or organization is very much on the cards and necessary for any of the organization to keep itself at the high standards and up to date presentation and working of the company. The quality control is a process to ensure a level of acceptable quality of product. The department of quality control of Nestle keeps a closed watch to maintain the quality according to international standards. The quality control department needs to be changed time to time to get the latest equipments available for the process of quality assurance of the products t various stages of its production. The various products of Nestle go thorough the complex process after many laboratory examination and tests. Quality control involves the examination of product at various levels and after passing all the stages it is approved to be marketed. The Nestle knows very well that it is not possible for a single one but it is the collective responsibility of entire team. The Nestle engaged a team of professionals who work hard to maintain the quality of nestle products. The team work needs to be developed in the workable environment to gain the goal at the neutral grounds. The goal of quality control team of Nestle is to identify the products which do not meet specific standards of quality. The products of the Nestle need the proper advertisement and its presentation in front of the target market to get the appreciation from the market. The change in the policy of the advertisement of the various products is becoming more necessary and vital for the product appreciation and acceptance towards the customers. The change in the management policies and the employment enrollment process is also needs a revision in the company. The cultural and the race difference should be eliminated and the equal opportunity employment should be needed to be structuralized in the organization. Identification for the change If we are looking for the positive change in the organization and making the performance of the organization more and more better. The first step towards this is to create a team which identifies the various areas and spots on which the positive changes can be made and implementation of such changes are logical and applicable for the company. The identification of the changes requirement of the company at various levels is very much inevitable to create the understanding the future of the company and the future of the strategy of the company in the short and the long term basis. The identification can be made possible by making the proper evaluation process and analysis of the history of the various products selling and the future expected demands and trends of the organizations various products and brands in the international market. The change is not only the requirement in the development and the strategies of the brands and the products of the company it is also necessary in the management, employment and in the workforce of the company. The identification of the change in any organization requires the following steps to be taken The evaluation of the brands strategy and acceptance among the consumers The evaluation of the employment satisfaction and performance inside the organization. The evaluation of the consumer management relationship and its outcomes. The analyzing of all the evaluation data and figuring out the malfunctioning parts and brands of the organization Making a effective proposal for the elimination of the problems and the implantation strategy presentation. the possible ways to get the solutions of the ongoing problems and threats that can cause the damages to the origination Areas and Techniques/Methods for Evaluation The company management can adopt various methods and tools to analyze and evaluate its different areas for e.g. they can evaluate brands, consumer management relationship, employment satisfaction and performance etc. Areas Business Environment The analyzing the business environment is very much necessary for the organization. The Nestle maintain the good business environment however the changes according to the passing of time are also on the cards and should be taken time to time to maintain the healthy business environment. Management Performance The management has multi-dimensional responsibilities and should present the sense of responsibility to perform their duties with full commitment and dedication. However the management done their part in the companys work performance and done with responsibility but the evaluation of the performance of the management of the organization is also very important as they should might be fully committed but should be committed enough to meet the needs of the organization in the long run. Employees Participation The employees participation in the change and n the acceptance of the changes is also a big thing to worry about, they are the one which I reality implement the change in any origination. The employment of the organization should be well aware and prepared to accept and implement the change in the origination to get the full participation of the organization. Product Marketing And Delivery The product marketing and delivery is also a very key issue to discuss if we discuss the changes and need to be made the changes in the organization. The review in the marketing and the marketing strategy of the various products should also be a part of the change. Product Appreciation The evaluation form the customers will make the company analyze the appreciation of the product among the consumers of the products especially when the company is launching the new products the customers evaluation should be taken in account as a priority in evaluation. Employment Satisfaction The employment satisfaction to the new changes adopted and the expected changes to be adopted in the future should be analyzed and studied. The evaluation from the employment of the organization is good enough to get the view that the employment of the company is indented to the change or satisfied from this kind of the change or not. Methods: Evaluation Performas: The evaluation Performas are made to get the customers opinion for a particular product and there should be another for the employment that either they need the changes if yes which areas they require changes. This is the best source of getting the direct evaluation from the customers or the employment of the company at a short period of time. Product profit/loss ratio: The product acceptance in the market will get a good business for the company and gives the profit if not so it gives the loss. The analyzing the statistical reports on the profit or loss of the particular products individually will enable the management of the company to make an opinion that the product is doing well enough for the company or not. Market trend: The market trends should also be analyzed by the management of the company to make any decision for the brand or a product. Consumer Behavior: The consumer behavior is the also very must effective stimulus for the change strategy of any organization the consumers are those which can cause the changes in the products and branding of the organization. Diagnostic Change After the brief identification and getting the clear picture of the needs for the changes in the organization the very next step of the management is to diagnose the strategy an effective strategy that can be adopted in the future for the implementation of the changes in the organization. Change Management Process To maintain the quality of the product the Nestle Change management team follows proper outline provided by the Nestle Company. The process involves the following steps Analyzing the available resources of Raw Material. The change management team analyses the different available resources from where the raw material can be collected and utilized in the product manufacturing. The Analyses is done by the team of experts which apply different tools/techniques to test. The quality of the raw material in available resources. The best and purest resources are selected to manufacture a product. Collecting methods for Raw Material The selection of method of collection of new material is as important as the decision to select a source of raw material. The collection of product raw material is done with proper care and by utilizing hygiene tools/ Techniques to make the product look good taste good and it should also be good for health also. Product Manufacturing The product manufacturing is also a very vital and key factor for the quality of the product. The quality of the product can be affected if not manufactured under the good and hygiene standards of the products. The Nestle Company has adopted the applicable methods followed by tools/techniques for the product manufacturing. The product is pure as come under the manufacturing process and the process is designed in such a way that it maintains the quality and purity is assured at the outmost and prime objective. Product Packing The product after manufacturing process is passed to the consumers for the purpose to maintain the quality of the product the packing of the product is done in standard packing which can insure that the quality can be maintained over a large period of time. The packing of product by Nestle is done in such high standard that when its products are used by the consumers the quality standards are maintained and build the image of the Nestle product in the eyes of the Consumers Specially food products are packed in such a way that there are no slide chances of Damage of Nutrition. Implementating A Change The implementation of the change in the organization is very important and the implementation of the change needs a well defined and organized strategy which brings the changes in the organization. The implementation should be done through best available resources and methods and techniques. Criticism on the Change Although the changes in the organization brings many positive developments and progress for the organization but it can face different type of the criticism at various levels by the customers as well as from the employment of the organization. The customers will record or show their criticism if they are not likely to accept the changes in the brands, products or the other options provided by the organization. The employment might also criticize the change in the organization if they are not use to implement such changes which they thought might not be good for them and the organization. Strength Nestle Tries its best to provide the products to there consumers keeping in view the total Change management ethics. Followings are the Strengths of Its products The High Quality and Purity of the Products. The Standard packing and high product image in the market. Competitive quality products in the market. Manageable pricess of the products. Weaknesses It is said there is always remains space for the betterment so Nestle Products always needs improvement with regard to quality and pricing. Following are the Weaknesses of the Nestle Products. Nestle Products are high priced as compare to other companies products. The cost of packing sometimes incurred higher then the product. Quality costs high and it becomes difficult for the company to compete in the market. The prices of standard products changed the consumer behavior. Opportunities The Good will of the company attracted the consumers. A wide range of the product captured the market Standard of the products is pleasing the consumer and changing their preferences. Attractive packing is providing health competition. Packing is hygienically very suitable to maintain quality. Threats Expansion of the market is a major threat to maintain demand and supply. High prices of raw material will effect the cost the products Nestle has expanded the net work in other countries so administrative costs will increase. Storage and supply will effect the market Conclusion The change is what which is required and necessary everywhere in the world and the change for the betterment or the apace for the betterment is always available. Nestle makes packing decisions keeping in view the following reasons Protection of Product -Due to expand marked of Nestle; International standard packaging is used to protect the product from damaging during transportation and minimizing spoilage. Customer protection -A visible packaging design is used to attract customers. This is also important for customers who are not well-known with the Nestle Product. The Nestle tries its best to make its products prominent among thousands of other products of other companies. For which its packaging designs stand out more likely to be remembered future shopping. Value added packaging -Though packing designs and structure and value of the product but benefits can be obtained from the package structure as it make the product easier to use where as stylistic designs catch more attraction of the customers. And looks beautiful in display in the stores as well as at home. Distribution Beautiful and attractive packaging attracts the customers and facilitate the storing. Pricing Affect packaging can influence a significant of a product selling price. It is experienced that some time cost of some product increased to 40% of a product selling price yet people do not mind to purchase owing to high standard maintained quality. However smart packaging minimizes the actual price. Research and Development department of Nestle continuously conduct surveys and research to improve the quality of products and its packaging. Thats why the company develops the revised packaging time to time according to the wishes of its consumers and desires of market. Whenever the company creates a new package it is most often with the intension of having the design on the market for an extended period of time. As changing packaging design for a short period can have negative effects as compare to long term. In order to locate the product and may not confused in the altered design. Recommendations By analyzing the facts and the history of the organization we can recommend the following The change management strategy of the origination should be reviewed and restructured The management and the customers relationship should be built by different scenarios. The new opportunities for the employment and the product launching are required but the management change in terms of organizational behavior is important. The advertisement of the products should be launched with the new strategies and promotional strategies should be developed.

The End of Affluence by Jeffery Madrick :: Economics End Affluence Madrick Essays

The End of Affluence by Jeffery Madrick   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As the first European settlers arrived in America, ideas of wealth and prosperity were fully implanted in their minds. These ideas soon turned into reality, and the United States dominated the global economy up until the post World War II years. In this paper, from the Book The End of Affluence by Jeffery Madrick, we will discuss how America has gone from domination of the economic market , to just barely hanging on, and the many roads both good and bad that it took.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the 1800's a young historian by the name of Frederick Jackson Turner proclaimed that once Americas land had been purchased and fully cultivated, the deterioration of America would begin. Jackson was not alone in thinking this, many of his peers and colleagues had the same views and beliefs, but were proven wrong with the introduction of the Industrial Revolution. This new era introduced an abundant amount of shortcuts in the area labor and labor saving devices. The introduction of these devices meant that a company could now save on salaries, but still increase productivity. The results of this new way of business were evident, the years between 1790 and 1807 showed American exports rising from 20 million to 108 million exported goods a year. The increase in exported goods was not only due to the new inventions, but also the high tariffs placed on imports, giving America a trade surplus. This increase in trade not only brought about wealth and economic growth, but also revolutionized inventions. One of the largest examples, is the introduction of the railroad, and the tremendous effect it had on the trade of goods. This revolutionary invention enabled the transportation of goods to become quicker, and opened new markets. The ability to transport goods quickly also returned a quicker profit enabling the seller to roll his money over into other items. This new and speedier cycle of buying and selling strengthened the American economy even more, allowing the U.S. to have an enormous trade surplus. The railroad was not the only major invention aiding prosperity. The Cotton Gin was another invention that revolutionized the way work was accomplished. This machine separated cotton fibers from seeds speeding labor 2 to 3 times of what it use to take. The introduction of these machines were effective labor saving devices, but unfortunately with every action there must have a reaction.

Text Messaging Enhances Language Essay -- Communication AIM Language E

Text Messaging Enhances Language My younger brother sits as his computer everyday after work to "talk" to his friends through America Online (AOL) Instant Messaging (IM). They use terms like BRB (be right back) and LOL (laugh out loud) that seem a little confusing to the "out-dated" older sibling. It amazes me that he can carry on a conversation using abbreviations for virtually every word or phrase. It doesn't even bother him anymore that I peek over his shoulder to see what they're "talking" about, because he knows it's foreign to me and I can't understand it anyway. As I watch my younger brother on the computer at night, I realize that our habits of reading and writing are changing through modern computer technology like instant messenger. The way we write on instant messenger effects the way we work with writing in an educational sense, but at the same time, enhances, or helps develop, a totally new language. Take for example the following text, which is foreign to most of us: "How hz cyberculture changed d way we tink bout writiN & writers? hav our habits of rEDN & writiN bcum fundamNtLlE dfrnt az a result of contemporary cmptr teknoloG? hav technological advances damaged o NhancD d way we wrk w writiN?" That can be translated into the questions for our assignment: How has cyberculture changed the way we think about writing and writers? Have our habits of reading and writing become fundamentally different as a result of contemporary computer technology? Have technological advances damaged or enhanced the way we work with writing? There's a website http://www.transl8it.com/cgi-win/index.pl that allows a user to type in a phrase and it is translated into computer language by the click of a button. This to... ...ges our writing. In another sense, the IM language could, in time, enhance the evolution of a whole new language. The Net Lingo website has many relevant examples of IM language. Works Cited Birkets, Sven. "Into the Electronic Millenium." Tribble and Trubek 62-74. Bolter, Jay David. "The New Dialogue." Tribble and Trubek 75-87. Cabagnot, Ruby. "Text Messaging: Boon or Bane?" 12 December 2000. Business World Online Inc. Website.16 June 2003. http://itmatters.com.ph/features/features_12122000.html. CNN. "R ur txt msgs or OK?" Thursday, 13 February 2003. Associated Press. Website. 16 June 2003.CNN.com. Landow, George. "Twenty Minutes into the Future, or How Are We Moving Beyond the Book?" Tribble and Trubek 214-226. Tribble, Evelyn B. and Anne Trubek, eds. Writing Material" Readings from Plato to the Digital Age. New York: Longman, 2003.

The Inferno by Dante Alighiere Essay -- essays research papers

The Inferno by Dante Alighiere Translated by John Ciardi „ «Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Summary of plot, organization and resolution o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Inferno is the first of a three part series by Dante known as the Divine Comedy. In this Divine Comedy Dante chronicles his journey to God through the levels of Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise. The Inferno is his description of his journey through the levels of Hell. The Inferno begins with Dante lost in a dark wood, which possibly represented sin. Dante tried to exit the wood, but three impassible beasts blocked his path. Dante is rescued when the spirit of Virgil is sent to lead him to salvation, however, Dante must journey through hell to reach salvation. Dante and Virgil then journey through the levels of hell, with the occasional help of a heavenly messenger sent to aid Dante in his journey. Virgil describes Hell as cone shaped, made up of increasingly smaller levels depending on the severity of the sins which a person committed. The levels of Hell were often sub-divided allowing for even more discrimination depending on the severity of your sin. Dante com pletes his journey through hell when he and Virgil reach the deepest pit of hell, where they climb down the body of Lucifer to emerge in the southern hemisphere. „ «Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tie to the middle ages and/or transition to the renaissance o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Inferno in some ways follows the mold of the middle ages, but the o...

An Analysis of Robert Francis’ Poem The Hound Essay

In Robert Francis’ poem â€Å"The Hound,† the writer creates a sense of fear by comparing how mysterious and unpredictable dogs are to life using an extended metaphor to show life as uncertain and one has to wait to see what it brings at them. In lines 1-5, the writer states: â€Å"Life the hound/Equivocal/Comes at a bound/Either to rend me/Or to befriend me.† The speaker compares the habits of a hound to life to show even though they are not alike, they are similar in the way of not knowing the next thing that can happen. They are both questionable and suspicious because no one knows what will happen next and there is a possibility of it tearing one apart. Additionally, it can be a friend to one and everything will go well. This enforces how uncertain life is towards human beings. Meanwhile, the speaker continues in lines 6-11 by saying: â€Å"I cannot tell/ The hound’s intent/ Till he has sprung/ At my bare hand/ With teeth or tongue.† There is a sense of tension that is created in these lines by the use of imagery in order to show how no one is sure of what will follow. There is a possibility that life won’t be very friendly and will come at one â€Å"with teeth or tongue.† This can seem like a negative thing because it could come and bite you or that phrase could mean it is coming with happiness and joy thus promising good things to come. Finally, the speaker says in the last two lines â€Å"Meanwhile I stand/And wait the event.† This suggests the speaker is passive and waiting for something to happen. This is because one doesn’t know what will happen thus will not actively participate. In life, one might not always participate because life is uncertain and it can either be a friend or destroy the person.

Research Paper of Advertising Essay

denote is a counterfeit of dialogue in which companies force their returns and go in order to convince consumers to buy or patronize their smashings. It is dropd to function plus the gross revenue of the harvest-tide, familiarize the consumers of a particular crack, inform passel of changes in an existing harvesting and to introduce a in the buff result to the market. humansise is as sanitary as closely related to parcel outing and they ar b bely insepar equal to(p). Their only difference is that when a person advertises by word of let the cat out of the bag and by imagel cont fleck, it is c on the wholeed selling, ba verify when we sell or try to sell by markinged word, we call that denote. announce rattling plays a part a big part in the victor of a business. Companies spend large sums of funds for the adverts of their enceintes and function. In 2002, al close to $236 billion was spend on announce in the unite states al wholeness and $500 Billion worldwide. ( advert,n.d.,par.3) Thats how serious advertizing is in the world of business. publicizing is in truth viridity to ein truth marketing organization, they economic consumption advertizing as a way to material body sales and profits for their business.They flavor denote as a form of communication in which they rouse p bent or take away a continue transactions with customers and consumers. Advertising used to help cast up the sales of the carrefour, familiarize the consumers and inform community. Advertising is similarly of ecstasy directed to turn tail on channels to influence wholes-sellers, distri besidesors, or retailers to store or embolden the score. Advertising is order primarily for its ability to enhance or improve the sales of the ingathering or service advertised. Advertising has evolved into a in truth complicated and complex art. It has gotten so big that it has developed various types and variations. Print, open-air(prenominal), broadcast, covert and general service announce argon that roughly of its examples. Promoting products with the use of new-sprung(prenominal)spapers, magazines and other scratch media is a part of advertising.Next is the outdoor advertising, it is where you put on use of billboards, kiosks, trade portrays and events in promoting a product. Broadcast advertising is another general sensitive in advertising in which experiences use of the tv set, radio and the internet. Covert advertising is a unique method in which a product or a trademark is subtly or some quantifys evidentlyshow graphemed in entertainment shows interchange fit movies and goggle box shows. Lastly, the public service advertising is a technique that makes use of advertising as an rough-and- found communication medium to convey socially relevant meanss closely important matters and social welfargon a the like energy conservation, political integrity, deforestation, poverty, illiteracy and so on. (Manoha r, n.d.par.7) Advertising has greatly influenced the society from a producer directed to be consumer impelled technological advances and economic growth through increase sales. victimization videos to boast sales, videos to kick upstairs sales, videos a lot speaks louder than words. Youtube induction featuring ordinary products pick out attracted m each of viewers online. acquire detect doesnt required slick fruit from a personnel studio. Even companies ar exploitation videos to produce an entertaining demonstration approximately the products. There is one play along named front point Security family become successful in development videos demonstration to expand its pool of customers. gross sales marketing nowadays ar using different technology to salary increase their sales. ( Joyner, p.81) Nowadays, with the advance of technology, social media has been genuinely useful not just in communication and withal in marketing. With the emergence of Facebook, cheep and mobile technology it became faster and easier for the advertizers and celebrities to partake in their thoughts and opinions about they be endorsing. People multiform in advertising come how often it is necessary to everlastingly search and theorize of new ways to advance with consumers. Hence, advertising is a very dynamic field.Changes argon dictated by the consumers themselves. And with the advancement of technology, it became easier to marketers to ambit out and send put acrosss. They argon flavour beyond the usual media to better communicate with plurality from different walks of vivification. Now, the advertising schema does not only include print advertising but withal commercials to be run on ne devilrk television and internet websites. Television is one the nearly spotful mediums in advertising. People fag eye blinkly unwind and relax at one time they loll in front of the TV. some other factor that makes television more than efficacious than th e others is that it dirty dog reach vast of enumerate of cat valiumwealth since a roughly of the people now own a television or has access to one. Television advertizings control the power to involve the viewers emotions into the publicizings. They may feel sad, happy, angry, etc. whenever they watch accredited commercials on TV, depending on what is macrocosm depicted on the product ad.More importantly, the slap-up advantage of television for advertising is that it enables the advertiser to vitalize his message to millions of prospects with the aid of panorama and sound, he tush enliven his advertising, add interest to his sales talk, and present arguments in a personal and vivid manner, the advertiser can make his viewers to undetermined to his sales message. victimisation celebrities to okay a product is one scheme advertisers use in their product advertisements. They use celebrities because they withstand recognized and descryn the power of celebrities in controlling the buying the decisions of the consumers. They rely mainly on the renowns popularity and credibleness to persuade consumers in purchase or in patronizing their products. Advertisers reckon that with the use of celebrities, they can establish flashing brand crawfish, refresh and add new significance to the brand image.This is possible because celebrities take in coercive feelings toward a brand and consumers compass them to be very entertaining at a time they appear on the advertisements. (Boorstin, 2005) notoriety stock warrants carry a lot of benefits for the company of the product they argon endorsing. That is why the companies be so much eager to hire them to campaign their goods and services. nonp beil of the advantages in repute back upments is an instant establishment of believability. This means with the laurelss approval in promoting a veritable(a) brand or product it creates a awareness of dedicate for the brand among the drive cons umers. another(prenominal) is the warrantyd attention of the viewers of the advertisements. Using celebrities or well- cognise personalities would make it more calling cardable and interesting, at that placefore grabbing the attention of the viewer. some other advantage is the higher degree of consider or the extent in which a consumer can remember the brand (Boorstin, 2005). The recall value allow rise if people leave perceive the brand and the celebrity as two equal elements. Since celebrities ar adored and worshipd by their fans, they be being tapped to influence the fans towards their endorsed brand. Lastly, celebrity can also compensate for the lack of in advance(p) subjects of the advertisers. Celebrities induct penetrated the world of advertising and business. Their faces be literally can be seen allwhere. legion(predicate) companies argon now turning to celebrities to promote their products and services in hope of increasing their sales or attracting more custo mers. dear like what the Pantene now are doing. Theyget the number one subscriber in the Filipinos Ms. bend Aquino to promote and endorse their product. plication Aquino is known to be carousel subscriber of the Philippines (Yes Magazine, 2011). be the most influential and most acknowledge indorser in the Philippines for two consecutive years the queen of all media grabbed the top spot in the list.The use of celebrities as contributors has been so popular as it has been so costly to umpteen another(prenominal) producers, but the question that must be answered is that do the sales cave in off, if not outweigh, the come up it cost the manufacture to hire those celebrities. harmonise to a July 2011 paper, a conclusion that endorsement were effective and helpful, in boosting up the sales by the $ 10 million a year, on average was drawn later on conducting a study thus it truly constitutes off (Plank, p.48) Researchers shown that more than 20 percent of all TV adve rtisement includes celebrities and advertisers pay a lot of money for their services ( Belch & Belch, 2001) and advertisers are ready to pay a lot of money to celebrities who are liked and respected by the consumers. distinction endorsements sedate are powerful forces for brands to use to support themselves. But more importantly, those who answer to celebrity subscribers on social media are themselves far more likely to keep an eye on and respond to follow and respond to brands on social media. Celebrities are hired as readers because they could act the products to fame among the public.The main tasks they do are to introduce and recommend the product. They become effective once the consumer associate them, who are considered purposeful people by the latter, with the commodity for sale. (Fowles, pp. 126-127) If thither are advantages in celebrity endorsements, there must be also be disadvantages. Celebrities are not perfect and are just normal and they are also a human. His they are prone in qualification mistakes to a fault. It can be very damaging to the image of a brand when famous personalities misbehave. That is why companies at once act quickly when something wrong happens. Since the behavior of the celebrities reflects, on a brand, celebrity endorsers may at times become liabilities to the brands they are endorsing ( Fowles, n.d., p.126). sometimes, withal much product endorsements can also be bad to the celebrity and the brands she/he endorsing or advertising. The uniqueness of the endorsement can be weakened if the celebrity does too many a(prenominal) advertisements, thus overexposing the celebrity.At times, mistakes can be seen celebrities getting caught using the competitions brand instead of the product they are endorsing. Like in the case of Britney Spears, who was caught repeatedly drinking Coca-Cola when at that time she was still endorsing Pepsi. Despite the several advantages a celebrity may give to a brand, one mistake it does can be crucial to the company and to the celebrity themselves. ( Katyal. N.d., par. 16) Using celebrities is not a guarantee that the products that they are endorsing halt immediately click with the consumers. Sometimes it king succeed and sometimes it might not just work. Here are some examples of successful celebrity endorsements and what do it successful. concord to the website of Yes magazine the top ten celebrity endorsers of 2011 were bend Aquino, John Llyod Cruz, Sharon Cuneta, Piolo Pascual, Carmina Villaroel, Kim Chui, Sarah Geronimo, Judy Ann Santos, Anne Curtis and redbreast Padilla.These celebrities did well in their endorsements mainly because they have managed to connect themselves and the product that they are endorsing. A good campaign brand and an inbred link amidst the celebrity and the message are musts for a successful campaign. ( Boorstin , n.d.,). The consumers were able to find the connection between the celebrities and the product as a result the adv ertising message was successfully relayed by the celebrity. Another reason that made them very successful as product endorsers is the fact that they are authentically big names in the world of show business. They have maintained a good reputation end-to-end the years as a result, the consumers began to trust them and began patronizing their products. If celebrities would right away to make a product click to the market, venture again. Not all the celebrity endorsements succeed. At times, celebrity endorsement run shorts because the message the celebrities requisite to convey to the viewers about the product is not clearly understood.If the consumers find no connection between the celebrity endorser and the product which the celebrity endorser is endorsing, the endorsement go away most likely fail and the failure to carry it out well in the advertisements impart result to the unrewarded relay of the message. (Fowles,1996, p. 129-131). The compatibility of the celebritys pers ona with the overall brand image is very important, as a celebrity imparts credibility and inspirational value to a brand and his/her image should perfectly match the brands image. In having an advertisement make sure that the consultation testament debate in any detail the advertisement has (Popeil, n.p.,par.1). The manner in whichconsumers select, take in and knead schooling becomes increasingly important as the food market changes and becomes a global one. If consumers process and store information this means that to consumers everything they see hear and feel about brands and products is just a form of advertising.Consumers perceptions of a company and or its various brands are a synthesis of the bundle of messages they come across or contacts. A celebrity endorser is any individual who enjoys public acknowledgment and who uses this recognition on behalf of a consumer good by appearing with it in an advertisement (McCracken, 1989, p. 310). celebrity is used to impart c redibility and aspirational values to a brand, but the celebrity needs to match the product. A good brand campaign idea and an internal link between the celebrity and the message are musts for a successful campaign. Celebrities are no doubt good at generating attention, recall and positive steads towards advertising provided that they are supporting a good idea and there is an explicit fit between them and the brand. On the other hand, they are rendered trifling when it comes to the actual efficiency of the core product, creating positive attitudes to brands, purchase intentions and actual sales.Celebrities are people who enjoy public recognition by a large share of a authentic stem of people. Whereas attributes like attractiveness, funny lifestyle or special skills are just examples and specific common characteristics cannot be observed, it can be said that inside a corresponding social group, celebrities mostly different from the social normal human. When it comes in advert ising celebrities have their own strategy where when they advertise people will immediately recall the product that they are endorsing. Advertisers believe that when they get a celebrity to endorse their product it will help them to increase their sales and also it will be easy for them to promote because celebrities can ceaselessly see in television and some people are patronizing them. agree to Daniel J Boorsting A sign of a celebrity is that his or her name is often worth than his or her services many people consumed their entire lives listening to what their favored celebrities are saying about.A consumers decision in choosing a brand is greatly affected by an advertisement seen prior to the purchase. The number of goods purchased would only be measurable if the total number of consumers is controlled. Being entertained, being bombarded with sales talk, whether positive or veto, celebrity endorsement has really turn out to affect decisions of consumers although the mentality on advertising still remains the same. All we really need is credible information. The top endorser in the Philippines fold Aquino is a seek of a good and well known endorser. line Aquino is the top endorser and most payable endorser in the Philippines. crease Aquino is very in demand endorser in the Philippines and many advertisers believe in her effectiveness in endorsing a certain product.The Pantene shampoo is one of the product thats Ms. crinkle Aquino is endorsing. But is Ms. creese Aquino effective replete to cop the attention of feminine consumer? Maybe, since lot of women idolize wrinkle Aquino. One of the reasons why people like her so much are because of her temperament, she is unpredictable, eternally stirs controversies. Her personality is blunt she will criticize and chit-chat with her honest opinion about issues, things, events and everything near her. She speaks her mind, often times tackles. She is likewise challenging because of her personality. Tale nt, she has the talent to connect to audiences, to the masses, she knows how to act, react, communicate and how to show how ordinary she could be just like everybody else. Personal story or life, her life is like a novella, from time to time, there is a twist. New lovers, new things about her kids, her past, her relationship to anybody else, showbiz or non-showbiz, there is always an issue about her like that make her interesting. Family and popularity, she is the daughter of Ninoy Aquino and Former President Cory Aquino.She comes from a line of Filipino royalty, they symbolize, democracy, simplicity, honesty, leadership, more or less, they represent the good in this country. They are the defender, fighter, leader of the country and its citizen. as well, one of the reasons why people follow her is because of her family legacy. Lately, her issues, life came to muffled phase because she tries her best not to bring any controversy while her erstwhile(a) brother Noynoy is the hot se at. Being a presidents sister and having a family love by people should have public humility. She should be wise and humble enough to bring disgrace. Her personality and characteristics are maybe the reason why she can catch many women to idolize and patronize her. bend Aquino advertising plays perspective in from Pantene steering Female consumers Conviction. Pantene management believes in creese Aquino transparency leading to authenticity. Pantene hair line of descent control get seam Aquino to endorse their product.Despiteof line Aquino negative attitude like being tough and being prank the Pantene management chooses to have Kris Aquino. Pantene management hopes that after having the most in demand endorser in the Philippines it will help them to boost their sales and will be easy for them to promote their product. Getting Kris Aquino is a strategy for pantene to promote their product. Pantene is relying in Kris Aquino credibility and celebrity status. Kris Aquino assures t hat every time she will be seen in TV her look is good and every time she will be aired she never forget to tell people what are the secrets cigaret of her looks. As people see that Kris Aquino is looking better, the people will be curious about what she is telling about, thats maybe the reason many are following her in every endorsement she has. Regardless of some people hates her still many believe in her advertising power and many still idolize her even there are people who makes bad stories about her, and maybe that is one the reason why Kris Aquino always stands number one in the celebrity stratosphere.Being an influential celebrity brings Kris Aquino to be effective endorser of the Pantene product. Also it helps Pantene to promote their product to the female consumer. Advertising is very common in todays genesis and every advertisers have their own strategy on how will they make their products be known and famous to the consumer. Pantene is lucky because many companies are d istant to have Kris Aquino but lucky for them that they able to have the top endorser in the Philippines. According to John Morley Even good opinions are worth very little unless we bond them in the broad, intelligent, and spacious way. Kris Aquino being on the top endorser in Philippines because she is completely believable in every endorsement she has and when she is on air what is adventure is real. The researchers argue that advertising is very common in any business. The researchers wrap up that every business must be advertised for them to be known and for them to promote their product.It is not easy to have an advertisement there are many dicey things may occur before having an advertisement because advertisement is not easy to produce, also it costs a lot. Before having advertisement the company must be ready financially. Approval of a brand by a star fosters a sense of trust that brand among the target audience. This is particularly true in case of new product. Celebri ties ensure attention of the target group by breaking the clutter ofadvertisements and making the advertisement and the brand more noticeable. A celebritys preference for a brand gives out a glib message and hence, because the celebritys benefiting from the brand, the consumer will also benefit. For anybody who has ever tuned in to television, watched a movie, or driven down major thoroughfares, its hard not to notice the numerous advertisements that Kris Aquino has.From food products to housewares, the army of the top-rated daily lifestyle show Kris TV is definitely on top of the list when it comes to being a believe endorser. It cannot be denied that Kris Aquino is the top endorser in the Philippines that having her as an endorser is really effective to endorse a certain product. And despite of her busy schedule she assures the she was able to give time to her fans and to product that that she is endorsing.Kris Aquino is the kind of celebrity endorser that if what she is endor sing she guarantee that when you use the product she endorse you will not be disappointed, because people know that Kris Aquino is very choosy when it comes to her advertisements and she is very demanding in all the things that is wrong for her. Lastly, the Pantene product were very lucky because they able to have Ms. Kris Aquino to endorse their product and the researchers conclude that having Kris Aquino will help the Pantene to boost and increase their sales because of Kris Aquino popularity to women and many women believe in her despite of her negative attitudes, still she is the most effective endorser in the Philippines.ReferencesAlmo, N. (2011 October 04). Kris Aquino on being an effective endorser What you see is what you get. Philippine entertainment portal. 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From Advertising to Marketing Communication. Philippine effortlessInquirer, p.41. Pe, R. (2012 July 27). The state of advertising industry. Philippine routine Inquirer, 2792290,p.B2-2. Plank, K. (2012 May). Under Armours beginner one learning to leverage celebrityendorsement. Harvard Business Review, pp.45-48. Popeil, R., & Graham, J. ( 1995). The Salesman of the Century. NY Bantam Double DellPublishing Group Inc., p.81. Ramos, N. (2011 July 25). Kris regains number one spot in 2011 top endorsers list. ManilaBulletin. Retrieved from http//www.mb.com.ph Torre, N. (2011 September 8). Celebrity violence put to good use. Philippine Daily Inquirer,p.43. Untivero, R. (2012 August 13). Maximizing Sales Productivity. Business World, p.4/s3.