Marketing in Travel and tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Marketing in buy the farm and tourism - Essay ExampleThis would require that the travel and the tourism organizations understand the demands of their customers meaning anticipation and identification of their wants and necessarily. Anticipating and identifying when used in travel and tourism marketing depends on effective market research that would assume researching on both the existing and potential markets. In marketing research, it is important that the customers be classified gibe to their socio-economic status, lifestyles, and family circumstances, gender among other factors. This may involve primary research such as surveys, observations or questionnaires and unessential research such as statistics and records, which may be qualitative or quantitative in nature. charm classifying customers it is important to note that the target market consists of a whole group of potential customers from the entire population. It is wherefore better for those involved in marketing of travel and tourism to define the target market as a collection of segments, what is normally referred to as market segmentation. When the market is segmented, each segment has distinct characteristics and its needs and wants must be satisfied in order to have the best results shown through profits earned. confused studies have dealt with tourist motivations and market segmentation showing that the factors that motivate tourists for leisure travel and tourism kitty be classified into two types that is the push and pull factors (Mehmet 2011, p.153). It is therefore imperative that stakeholders in the travel and tourism sectors must have a proper analysis on tourist motivation and related activities in order to understand leisure tourist destination choices. These factors also enhance the image of destinations and the interplay with satisfaction and truth of tourists that procure these services of tour and travel.Each destination

The Practical Impacts of the Failure of Rewards Essay

The Practical Impacts of the sorrow of Rewards - Essay ExampleIn Blums article, the designer indicates that rewards may be used as a source of punishment especially when the parents threaten their children of not rewarding them after trouble to do a task (2). Rewards may also damage relationships if there is competition towards achieving a prize especially in the office setting, rewards may ignore my ignore the most appropriate reasons, may discourage risk-taking since the end matter is certain and may also affect ones intrinsic motivation since the challenge is go about just for the sake of it (Blum 2-3). With these in mind, the author advocates for collaboration as a way of inspiring motivation, fling meaningful content such as captivating tasks and lastly giving individuals a chance to subscribe what they want (Blum 3). Alfie Kohns article has a major correlation with Public School Kindergarten of 5- 6-year-olds. In the article, the author explains how rewards are a source of good values and even achievement among the uplifters (Kohn 1). The author also explains how the failure to reward may lead to demotivated learners or even create a classroom of learners that only learn when conditioned towards studying hard simply to get a reward (Kohn 1). From these points, the author is making a good case for the article since he gives both the bad and the positive impacts of rewards on learners. The author bases his arguments on the thoughts of other writers and scholars as referenced in his work. In relation to Public School Kindergarten of 5- 6-year-olds, the articlemay be used to explain how teachers use reward to strengthen the behavior of children since a stop of the rewards has been indicated to elapse the progress of the learners.

Comparative on Rock & Roll vs Rap Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comparative on Rock & Roll vs pick apart - Essay ExampleRap goal involved not only low-class adolescents, but a lot of teenagers from middle-class families Both trends had been popular among young people, but constantly rejected by their parents as bad taste music.Rock & Roll and intercept are considered as a cultural phenomenon and amicable change agents bringing novelty and a new vision of cultural norms. Both of them created social movements changing the attitudes of all involved fans, musicians, managers, record companies executives, critics and magazine editors included. Rock & Roll and rap affected all aspects of culture in a positive and negative way. How people dress, what music they listen to, and what they choose for entertainment.The difference is that rap fans were more aggressive towards others. This was caused by social and cultural context rap emerged. The policy of aggressiveness was all-important(prenominal) because rap was one of many other styles and had to c ompete with hip-hop, rock, etc. It encouraged lust, sex, suicide, rebellion against authority, etc.

Modern pricing models Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Modern de enclosureine models - Essay ExampleThis work touch on calculating a derivative to measure how the discount rate of a warrant varies with time and declivity price. The result of this calculation held a striking resemblance to a well-known heat transfer equation. briefly after this discovery, Myron Scholes joined down(p) and the result of their work is a startlingly accurate option pricing model. The BlackScholes model was first published in their 1973 paper, The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities, published in the ledger of Political Economy (Black & Scholes, 1973).Robert Merton was the first to publish a paper expanding the mathematical understanding of the options pricing model, and coined the term BlackScholes options pricing model (Merton, 1973). Merton and Scholes received the 1997 Nobel Prise in Economics for their work. Black was mentioned as a contributor by the Swedish Academy though ineligible for the prize because of his death in 1995.Black and Sch oles cant take all credit for their work, in fact their model is actually an improved edition of a previous model developed by A. James Boness in his Ph.D. dissertation at the University of boodle (). Black and Scholes improvements on the Boness model come in the form of a proof that the risk-free stake rate is the correct discount factor, and with the absence of assumptions regarding investors risk preferences.The BlackScholes model assumes that the market consists of at least one risky asset, usually called the stock, and one riskless asset, usually called the money market, cash, or bond. The key appraisal is to hedge the option by buying and selling the underlying asset in just the well(p) way and, as a consequence, to eliminate risk.(random walk) The instantaneous log returns of the stock price is an infinitesimal random walk with drift more precisely, it is a geometric Brown motion, and we will assume its drift and excitability

Choosing a Successor Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Choosing a Successor - Case Study slipEach candidate will be matched to a skill set and awarded points. Every skill earns cope with points (5), but seniority/loyalty to the organization will score two points (2) for every year of service. tally to the score, all candidates atomic number 18 nearly tied for their potential viability in the role of successor. Amanda scored the highest as a moment of her tenure, however the capabilities related to solid leadership and communications (especially) are overlooking. Felipe, though well-liked, lacks the fundamental skills required of professionals who are well-versed in more business practicality and understanding. Clearly, his leadership skills and human resources skills would be a credit to the position, but his regard as an administrator are lax. Tanisha, though known to be pompous and self-absorbed, managed to score highly in multiple dimensions required for the position without extra points for tenure. Tanisha is the most qualified candidate maintaining multiple competencies for this role, despite her lack of tenure.It is recommended to select Tanisha for the role due to the diversity of responsibilities required in this administrative role. Elements of her personality that are non favorable can be developed through training and consultation with superiors and through experience workings in a responsibility-based position with diverse personalities. Based on all characteristics, Tanisha outperforms even those with longer

Influencing the components of the cash-to-cash cycle Case Study

Influencing the components of the cash-to-cash cycle - Case Study Examplehe same note, it is clear that the company cannot supervise or calculate their profits adequately since they have not put in place the trance mechanisms to support this particular venture. Furthermore, the case study shows that the management of the company in question also focuses on the companys debt structure. Essentially this is a good move, but there is the need to also stupefy emphasis on the working capital aspect of the company since this is an important part of the company that comes in handy during the fundamental analysis of the company is carried out. However, this paper strives to highlight some of the cash models that need to be incorporated in a bid to curb the looming crisis that is going to face the company as a result of the lack of this important aspect of the company model.First and fore close to, the working capital can be defined as the metric for the calculation of the companys liquidit y. Apparently, the approach of working capital is the most appropriate approach to be undertaken by this particular company. On that note, the analogy of working capital result come in handy since the assets to be liquidated in this particular business are dependent on the time period of investment. In simple terms, the current investments are not to be liquidated in the miserable term but on the long term. However, in the instance of high working capital, this indicates that a Brobdingnagian sum of money will be constrained in the bank accounts receivables and the inventory of the company. Consequently, this can be characterised as a level of pure investment strategies since the time at which the money is constrained in the bank accounts, profits could have been generated and thus the companys profit margins could have risen drastically. gum olibanum it is worth noting that the working capital could also be used as a means for the cadence and the determination of the liquidity state of the company. On the same note, this approach could serve to better the company twain

Worming your way to better health by Science News Article

Worming your counselling to better health by Science News - Article ExampleThe forepart of certain parazoans within the body that tone down the host resistive dodging has caused a significant reduction in autoimmune diseases and also lowered their rate of relapse (Seppa, 2011). However, risks are associated when such parasites are acquired or bought without some(prenominal) regulation and if used improperly (Seppa, 2011). Write up one quote from the material, using a preindication phrase, a quote and your own comment. Include an APA style parenthetical citation. Worms know more about the military personnel immune system than we do. Researchers are working to crack the mechanisms by which these organisms tone down the host immune system which would be useful in preventing diseases which are characterized by chronic inflammation (Seppa, 2011). Take a position and write a paragraph APA style based on the article. The article elaborates on the movement of worms such as parasitic worms or helminthes within the human body and how they affect the immune system of the humans. Though developments in the field of science have designed drugs that would disrupt the colonization of such parasite within the human body, recent research has revealed that the development of recurrence of certain auto-immune diseases was lowered by the presence of these organisms as they were able to control the chronic inflammation by suppressing the immune system of the host.

Challenges of restaurant operations in new Jersey Essay

Challenges of eating place operations in crude Jersey - Essay ExampleNew Jersey is one of major tourist destinations in wildwood, sea City, Point Pleasant beach, fishing villages, beautiful barrier islands and scenic views. With all these we expect local and impertinent tourists in these areas. To accommodate foreign tourists, there are several(prenominal) restaurants which serve as dining and fitting avenues (Wilkerson, 2008). We shall look into details management of these restaurants and the overall effects of internal administration challenges, external factors and come up with possible mitigation strategies to these challenges. Management of restaurants is associated with several challenges due to the need of the industry to incorporate alter invitee needs and preference, develop and maintain the company image and to stand relevant businesswise. Managers of these restaurants and relevant stakeholders have to ferment decisions from administrative point of view and try to in corporate early(a) factors such as state laws and provided statutes, demographic and geographic factors to enhance operations of the restaurant. In the administration perspective managers are faced by several challenges which include training of the staff, they should be trained to understand the menu items, how to respond to customers and overall organization full stop within the restaurant. For instance, training of the front office employees may be divergent from those of the kitchen section otherwise know as back house operations. Training of front office employees who may include cashiers, waiters/waitresses and customer safeguard requires diligence as they are the face of the restaurant. They need to understand variant languages, be resilient to different attitudes of customers and the general customer-friendly attitude. Training of the back office staff has challenges in that they need to meet varied tastes and preferences of different customers because the kitchen secti on is the heart of the restaurant. To shout out this, employees need to be trained and attached to their areas of specialization. This is to bring the competitive outlook of the business in terms of quality services to the customer which is a necessity for image and grease development. Another challenge in restaurant management is cultural integration. Most restaurants employees are either immigrants from other states or from different regions with different cultures and incorporating these cultures in a single work force is a challenge. To address this challenge training and integration of cultural heterogeneity testament be of paramount benefit to the restaurant and customers. Unpredictability is another challenge in a service industry where you cannot tell who is see today, what they will order and what is in stock. There could be a crisis if the operations for instance were expecting a thousand visitors, thus the number increases and there are no radical measures to meet t he increased demand. To address this, I would stand-by employees in case of an influx, gather reliable information on tourist trends so as to enable procurement procedures and be flexible on duty allocation to the employees. Social concerns are another challenge veneer restaurant industry in terms of amenities such as hygiene, security and incorporation of varied tastes and preferences of different visitors. These challenges can be addressed by understanding particular needs and want of the visiting clients and coming up with measures to

Employee Training Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Employee Training - Term Paper ExampleSome of the principal(prenominal) force that influence a companys procreation and developments are economic cycle, globalization, additional tenseness on intangible assets and human capital, focus on link to business strategy, changing demographics and delivery of field force, talent management, customer service and quality management, new technology, high-performance work systems (Noe, 2010, p. 10). Influence of Technology on Employee Training As it has been just seen, that one of the forces that rouse influence rearing and development of employees in an organic law is new technology. The discussion, here, is about the influence of technology on employee training and development. A look around us will show how people are getting trained on/off-jobs by computers, i-pods, i-pads and through internet. thence the impact of technology is mainly on delivery of training programs. Methods of training employees also subscribe done for(p) throug h many changes due to the advancement of technology. But use of technology also follow the very(prenominal) basic principles of learning as the traditional methods do . for example, technologies like multimedia, interactive software etc. accumulation to multiple senses and allow employees to pace themselves, receive feedback and reinforcement, and find instruction from experts on as need buns (Noe, 2010, p. 337). ... Training could be delivered anywhere at office or at home, a distant side or at hometown. Technology has given freedom to the employees of choosing when or where they receive training. They can access their training materials on need basis. A simulation of work environment at the learning environment can make employees better equipped for their job. Keeping training records, documentations and other formalities involved in employee training and development could be taken care of by computers. This will cut a lot of paperwork and official activities. Employees prog ress in the training could be better monitored (Noe, 2010, p. 297). Influence of Technology on accomplishment Environment The traditional classroom learning environment is linear and not as dynamic as the technology learning shape. In the traditional learning process the instructors gives information to the learners and practice and use of the information is done after the instruction process is finished. This learning environment includes only the trainers and the trainees, not the experts or the preferences. The learners are passive and the instructors are active members. There is a one way communication from the trainer to trainees. The learners have to wait for the instruction to end to access the resource materials and the experts that is beyond their course material. The communication among the learners happens only external the training environment. But in a technology based learning environment the training process is dynamic and multidirectional. Here, the learner plays an active role and the instructor plays minor role. In this learning environment the resource matter and experts are also included. Internet has made a technology based learning environment possible. Internet

Macroeconomics and Microeconomics - Interest Rate Assignment

Macroeconomics and Microeconomics - Interest Rate - Assignment typeA developed money market place is essential to the development of an economy as it provides the sources of finance to conceive out the infallible business transactions. Firstly, it provides the cash required on a short marge butt to finance the working capital requirements of businesses and entire industries. Lenders can borrow the money from financial institutions to finance their necessary transactions and thus the money market allows the economy to keep running. It also helps to keep the financial institutions self-importance sufficient as the institutions can recall their loans at any plosive if they need it. Money market instruments are significant for the central bevel because it regulates and controls its monetary policy by increasing or decrease the money market evaluate. It also provides the finances to the g everyplacenment who may issue exchequer bills in consecrate to finance its spending. (Impor tance of Money Markets) The money market rate is called the federal funds rate in the regular army which is the lending of available funds from one institution to another on a short term basis. Q2) The above figure shows the graph of the U.S. Federal Funds rate and the Treasury Bill rate over a period from 1991 to 2009. The occupyingness rates of money market funds usually tend to fall in the same way as the future interest rates are based on the expectations. The year 1991 began with the federal fund rate and treasury bill rate set at 5.69% and 5.41% and was on a constant decrease until the year 1993, after which it began to rise and more or little retained the same level until the year 2000. In the year 2001, the terrorist attacks in U.S. badly damaged the confidence in the economy and the people, both local and foreign, were not willing to invest in the U.S., therefore the federal bank and the government reduced the interest rates in order to encourage the spending. The int erest rate back up the potential investors to increase the borrowing and the investments along with decrease the savings. The government, in 2004, increased the interest rates in stages and increased it constantly on a quarterly basis. After the interest rates reached a point of 4.5% to 5% in the year 2006, the domain of a function was hit by the corner and the central banks had to get off the interest rates to once again encourage the spending and investments in the U.S. economy to limit the recessionary bushel on the economy. The government and the central bank still had to decrease the interest rates due to the recession and reached a low point of 0.16% in 2009. Q3) The above graph shows the money market rate and the treasury bill rate in Bahrain over the time period from 1991 to 2009. Again both the curves send away in the same direction as they are based on the same expectations. The interest rates of Bahrain move in a direction similar to that of the U.S. because the cu rrency of Bahrain Dinar is pegged to the U.S. Dollar. The Bahrain Monetary Agency (BMA) regulates the interest rates on a quarterly basis keeping the national and international indicators into consideration. The year 1991 began with a declining interest rate which was restored in 1993, similar to the case in the U.S. and the interest rates were more or less stable with only a few changes in it. This was the time when there was stability in the world throughout. However, in 2001 after the terrorist attacks, the economies throughout the world took a big hit especially the U.S. economy that had to lower the interest rates drastically until 2004. The same was followed by the Bahrain government

Women's Voices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Womens Voices - Essay ExampleAs a specific brand presented across distinct showrooms in major US cities, Wacoals product line btemptd appears to be creating a mercenary space for swimwear and lingerie exclusively oriented toward women and their well being. However, the way these products are exhibited and advertised suggests that the telephoner uses stereotypic concepts on womens beauty and practically undermines the genuine comfort and health issues.DiscussionWacoal has created a powerful commercial-grade cult around its recently launched swimwear-cum-lingerie range named btemptd. This brand specific space can be regarded as a extremely distributed conceptualization and materialization of the companys lingerie products across various media. Wacoal showrooms with btemptd swimwear have been prepared along with other evolving business methods like online retiling and web based marketing. According to the website of Wacoal, make women look and feel their best has always been a part of Wacoals mantra (paragraph 1). Such a location might appear to be pro-feminist for a while. Having desire to look attractive can be regarded as an innate property of human beings irrespective of gender. For a young missy, honing beautiful looks or proper planning and dresses can lead to an effective makeover in a positive boot aimed at harnessing a give personality. Visiting the website of btemptd product line or a showroom exhibiting Wacoal swimwear.... a young girl, honing beautiful looks or proper grooming and dresses can lead to an effective makeover in a positive direction aimed at harnessing a better personality. Visiting the website of btemptd product line or a showroom exhibiting Wacoal swimwear, a spectator can easily find out that the presentation techniques used are highly dedicated to the beautification of women in general and young ladies are being particularly targeted. In the words of Wacoal, btemptd is actually a range of sexy, sophisticated, and flirty lingerie (Wacoal, paragraph 2), aimed at exciting young girls. Implementing an analytical rase of view, however, it can be stated that this approach of Wacoal is quite inter-contradictory. On one hand, the company states that it is concerned rough womens health and comfort issues, and the main target is to provide utility oriented innerwear. On the other hand, it is highly reluctant of using a bulky or less attractive girl (say, with caliginous complexion or a blunt nose) as its model or ambassador for practically exhibiting the lingerie. Clearly, this is a kind of prejudice which gives rise to internalized oppression. From the perspective of women in general, such an approach on the part of a commercial giant will attach extra value to physically more attractive women in the society. Furthermore, the companys claims about its sense of corporate social responsibility remain quite ambiguous. The company states that it is committed to spreading awareness on breast cancer, whereas i ts sole publicity stance is based on womens physically beauty and sexy appearance. The concept behind visualizing the ideal female model for a lingerie product is based on the perspective and desires of men, not women. So a young girl must feel good when she is

Taxation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 8

Taxation - Essay ExampleThe decision of the amount of universe opinions pay to devour today and the amount to put something aside for future utilization is among the most natural financial choices. It can have suggestions not just for the prosperity of the family units taking the choices, additionally for the rate at which the economy contributes and develops, and consequently the prosperity of future eras. (Wildasin And Boadway, 1995) .Taxation is one of numerous arrangements that influence the level of fill-in funds. Other huge ones incorporate the arrangement of social protection, particularly benefits, additionally wellbeing and inability protection, public assistance administrations and instruction exchanges of different sorts and obligation approach (Hmrc.gov.uk, 2014). None the less, the standards by which sparing conduct reacts to these different approaches atomic number 18 fundamentally the same.In the UK, people had the tendency of having progressive saving. This ensur ed that there were cash reserves to take take of a rainy day. Nevertheless, today the culture of progressive saving is dying out partly because on the tax that is oblige on saving. The culture of saving needs one to have the highest levels of self-control. The UK government has imposed a 10% rate tax for saving. This means that the government gets 10% of the money that you have relieve and are continuing to save (Tax aid, 2010). The system that is in use on taxation of saving in the UK is not fair and entails a lot of detail. This is so much in the accounts that gain interests on their savings. bringing is both important in ensuring economic growth and personal monetary security. There are several(prenominal) purposes for saving taxation in the tax system. Tax is based on income and savings of an individual and the departure between these two is the way tax on savings is treated. Tax on savings is continuously equal to the

Engineering and Technology versus the natural Environment Essay

Engineering and Technology versus the natural Environment - Essay precedentMore recently of course, particularly during the late 19th century and early 20th century, a long array of scientific and technical discoveries were made which directly affected the way in which mankind viewed its environs as something to be changed to meet its call fors and desires much conveniently. With engineering innovations came bigger houses, transportation systems, increased fundament and urban development. All of these things, once made apparent to mankind, did non remain novelties for long, but soon became seen as essential and a practical and fundamental aspect to train living, without which, valet take were not cosmos met. The famous psychologist, Abraham Maslow explains this shift in thought in his hierarchy of needs theory (1973). This theory explains that human needs are based upon which needs have already been met. At the bottom of the hierarchy, are the more physical human needs of shelter and nourishment. When these are rugged to come by, they are essenti on the wholey all that is felt to be needed by the individual. It is only when these needs are met, that the person feels a need for something else, which according to this theory, would be things like friendship and family. At the bring in of the hierarchy, are much more aflame needs such as self-actualisation, professional achievement and similar. The evidence is, as the world became built up and urbanised, and more tools and aesthetic factors thus became more common, packs needs and expectations fundamentally changed.... de apparent to mankind, did not remain novelties for long, but soon became seen as essential and a practical and fundamental aspect to civilised living, without which, human needs were not being met. The famous psychologist, Abraham Maslow explains this shift in thought in his hierarchy of needs theory (1973). This theory explains that human needs are based upon which needs have alre ady been met. At the bottom of the hierarchy, are the more physical human needs of shelter and nourishment. When these are difficult to come by, they are essentially all that is felt to be needed by the individual. It is only when these needs are met, that the person feels a need for something else, which according to this theory, would be things like friendship and family. At the top of the hierarchy, are much more emotional needs such as self-actualisation, professional achievement and similar. The point is, as the world became built up and urbanised, and more tools and aesthetic factors thus became more common, peoples needs and expectations fundamentally changed. Quite paradoxically, as the world has radically shifted in its desires to become increasingly civilised, archeologically spectacular and technologically convenient, so too has the global interest in maintaining the natural environment. In recent decades, the unfavourable impact that technology and engineering has had upon the natural environment has become increasingly apparent and worrisome, as rain forest destruction is widespread and climate changes have reached shocking levels. Environmental groups have long been urging people to acknowledge the crucial importance of maintaining the natural environment, not just because of the vital role that its elements play in sustaining life, but because of its beauty and

History music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

History music - Essay ExampleN whizz of the audience show concern or disgust over this sudden technical catastrophe as within that deemed phantasm Brother and Albannach two of the much celebrated binds started blazing their acoustic guitars to keep the crowed entertained and that worked at its best level. Soon the light came back and the heptad Nations by that time started to set the stage on fire. In its earlier days when Kirk McLeod and Neil Anderson initiated the band, Seven Nations gained substantial popularity and interest among its audience. However it seemed that they have lost their way afterwards, though in this concert the band seemed rejuvenated with the inclusion of Victor Gagnon who gave an inspired performance with his fiddle. The performance that came out of the Seven Nations was a mix of old and new scores. When Seven Nations was refreshing my memories, I was missing Neil Anderson who was the co commit of the band, to that extent no longer associated with it. H owever he was not far away, his new band Rathkeltair was execute on the immediate second stage. Neil as all know is an immensely talented music instrument who steals all the attention when he is on the stage. However, his performance in his new band Rathkeltair marked the re birth of a new Neil who knows how to blend with his associate musicians. Again the maestro gave his master stroke when he used his pipes to insert his whistles at the right places that only he is capable of. Those whistles gave a strange aggregate to the entire musical ambience and rescued the band from being reckoned as any other band of our genre. Through out the performance Neil was like a musician who believes in team work still who knows when to lead. Again the visual impact that Neil left on the audience by playing two instruments simultaneously was a joy for ears as well as eyes. After a brief pause Albannach industrious the main stage and that for good reason and outcome. This is a pure rock band an d comprised of pipe and drums. Jamesie and Jacquie at bass drums, Colin at snare and drum kit, Aya at bodhran and tambourine and Donnie with his bagpiper gave us a musical treat. The delirious and erratic energy that the band filled the room with goes well with their tattoos. Sometimes it seemed that some of them might come to of the stage as they were shaking vigorously while playing their drums. The occasional long and lone snares that Colin was leave through his hands mesmerized the audience and make them question themselves that whether his drum sticks are really attach with his fingers. Albannach all over kept the hall rocking and dancing and the entrapped energy of the audience occasionally came out with huge roars that might risk ones ear drums or even might led to cardiac arrest for the weakly hearted. The two stages side by side and challenging each other in every ill-treat almost turned the audience into a tennis ball. After finishing with Albannach, the crowed head ed to the second stage to view the performance of Annalivia. The four performers of the group with the absence of Stuart Kenney who plays bass and banjo were bit quite comparing the previous performances yet even they reflected substantial talent through their music. Vocalist and Guitarist Liz Simmons, Brendan Carey and Emerald Rae on fiddle and the later one also on vocal and vocalist and guitarist Flynn Cohen presented a polished performance with folk flavour. out front the audience can finish with the band they have to rush back to the main stage to watch Paul McKenna band

War and Conflicts in Africa and Its Effects on Childhood and Health Term Paper

War and Conflicts in Africa and Its effects on Childhood and Health - Term Paper ExampleMaintaining and enhancing childhood and child health has non been easy for nations in the developing world, particularly conflict-plagued nations in Africa. These nations are often plagued by war and conflicts. These conflicts fixate it difficult for Western-influenced medical and social intervention difficult. Childhood is seen as the early years of a individuals life where the person socializes with members of the society and gains an understanding of the world around him or her in expression for a productive life after mount 18 (NICHD Early Childhood Research Network, 2005). In most studies covered by this research though, childhood seems to stretch from the time of birth to about age 12, where a child call for care and attention. As a child grows, s/he needs to get a proper blend of emotional, mental and somatogenetic health (Kehily, 2004) in order to wrench a stable and healthy adul t. Emotional health encompasses the right bonds with adults, care and protection from trauma and separate harsh conditions that may make a child disturbed. Mental health has to do with the right structures that impart give the child a stable mind. Physical health means protection from diseases and other physical injuries that would prevent the child from normal life. In the modern setting, these things should be available to the child as he goes through contact with his or her parents, school and the local community. Clarke et al (2003) stress that a impregnable childhood is one in which a child gets the opportunity to grow up an ideal setting. This includes nettle to good and healthy food, the opportunity to learn and play, protection from diseases and harsh environmental conditions as well as access to proper health care.

Barcelona Grid System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Barcelona Grid System - Essay ExampleThe active trend socially and economically draw the city out of its walls and at the end of the thirteenth century another wall was built more or less the new settlements known as viles noves (new houses). Around the 14th century another stretch of walls began to be constructed. Architects such as Antoni Gaudi in the latter half of the 19th century planned extension of the city on a rigid grid system (History of Barcelona).The grid system occupies space in the form of elegant constructions and wide roads. While this raises the aesthetic feel it aggravates the requirement of modern constructions where space is at premium (Architecture). immediately the city of Barcelona is fabulous and one of the costliest in the world to live in. It has beautiful buildings, a university, museum, wide roads, hotels, and play courses. The city is a marvel and it beckons the world from its pristine Mediterranean shores.

Establishment of Unique State Language in Office Work Essay Example for Free

Establishment of Unique State Language in Office Work EssayAc cutledgementWe want to ac recognizeledge our p arnts for participating and helping us to idle words a inter computenaire in the defer institutions in Astana. Also we would like to thank Saltanat secretary of head of regime for distri andion of questionnaires among respondents and operate actions in delivering results to Almaty.AbstractNowadays the materialisation of dustups is one of the most actual, disputable. That is wherefore g every go forthning body tries to cleanse the conditions of state language. This year new fair play was created it states that alone documentations moldiness be written in Kazakh. This agitate caexercising many another(prenominal) disputes and discussions and lives more popular. As an actual sales outlet this problem was chosen by the authors of search. The inquiry question what is the messpoint of Astana citizens to disposal of unique state language in post cut bac k? Research objectives argon to inquire into views of slew to this law, envision the advantages and disadvantages of convince, to regulate the bushel of transition on the process of clobber. After analyzing contingent consequences, hobby explore scheme was made bulk would digest ostracise point of view on the government.In enact to achieve more power the instrument of follow design questionnaire was chosen. It was conducted among 20 pack the inhabitants of Astana who travel in the state institutions, because change of language in the office work impacts them directly. Convenience sampling was used, because authors chose merely closest persons as respondents. At the base of results of questionnaire it was effectuate that 70% of pot have positive, 25% neutral, 5% negative attitude to the change. Thus, the results of questionnaire shows that the authors hypothesis was non reassert it was defined that race have positive viewpoint on the ecesis, as well at t hat place is no some any difficulties connected with the change and it does non impact on the process and quality of the work.I. IntroductionA. Reasons for initiate ResearchFor almost 300 eld Kazakhstan was under the pressure of neighbour Russia, so since it was happened our cultural riches began to eradicate. Language was almost lost, and nobody knew what would be in the future. Unfortunately, the most powerful and developing province Soviet Union fell to pieces (Akishev, 1996). So, since from 1990 year in that location were born new countries. And Kazakhstan was non exception. Like a new-sprung(a) baby, country started to do its first steps. In this way new constitution was created. Kazakh is a state language, and Russian is authoritative says the constitution of Kazakhstan. But this year new law took place since 2007 year any documentations must be in Kazakh, it states. But is the country with only half Kazakh-speaking inhabitancies ready to this change, how the mult inational population entrust react to it? This is our issue. The government made a decision, but can we manage with it?Only 1000 well-mannered servants of 5000 can speak Kazakh in advance or can do office work in it, documentation instantly executes in Russian and only after that it translates into Kazakh. It is right to ask a question what testament follow after this erectment? Consequences may be different but more evident thing that there will be many difficulties because of un kip downing language. With this poor condition the procedure of work will delay, consequently, the standards, the value of work will decrease. The change of language of office work will lead to inequality of non Kazakh-speaking population. Because of this its important to enquire this issue. After analyzing possible consequences, following research hypothesis was made the attitude of major population of Astana has negative point of view on this change of language of office work in Kazakh.B. Resear ch MethodsIn order to achieve more efficiency from research survey is using here. To investigate convey attitudes of people the work need statistics, numerical data, withal the viewpoints, position, suggestions of Astana people must be considered in the work. So, survey design is the best way to reach the most systematic exclusivelyy organized point here. Also questionnaire is being consumed as instruments of research. It was chosen because, in order to determine the views of people and situation in the country, quantitative method will be helpful. The data and facts that they will throw away may help to solve partly our problem.As it is written in previous, statistics is necessary, and questionnaire may recrudesce new data and numbers, so it is helpful in this area, specific questions in questionnaire (open-ended) the opportunity to determine the exact point of view of people and their suggestions. The questionnaire consists of two parts. The first one is written in order to investigate social status of people and legislate demographic data. The second sections aim is to shape the attitude of the person to the plaque of unique state language in the office work. The questionnaire was held on the consequence 14-16 of June in Astana. 20 people working in the state establishments were respondents of the questionnaire. The type of the research was primary, convenience proficiency was used.. Research StructureThe research root is carve up into the six following chapters Introduction this part of the research presents brief description of the research, reasons for undertaking it and methods which will be used during this research. Review of the literature this part of the research is dedicated to inorganization that was found in appropriate literature in order to describe problems of establishment the unique language in the office work. Field research results is a descriptive part of work, where authors should entrust only description of results that they receive from questionnaire or/an interview. Analysis and discussion in this part of research paper alone instruction presented before will be analyzed and will be tried to define future outlook of the industry and investors decision that can be taken. Conclusion authors make a sum-up of the research paper.Bibliography sources that were used in writing research. Appendices include the questionnaire paper and interview paper.II. Literature reviewA. diachronic background of Kazakh languageThe gold book of history of Kazakhs includes following pages at the beginning of xviii blow west part of present territory of Kazakhstan started to join to Russian Empire. In spite of resistance of Orta and Uly Juzes during nigh hundred years all regions of country wholly became a piece of neighbour state. Since that time by the order of imperator Russian Empire Alexander I commenced the change of ruling power they chose the heads of juzes. In the 30-40es of XVIII century fortresses w ere built at the boarders of Kazakhstan. Russian-speaking people started to immigrate into the Kazakh land. So, these were the first steps of colonization indemnity and active exchange of culture, widely spreading of Russian language and slowing down of Kazakh. (Kozybayev,1995).After formation of the Soviet Union in 1917, the discrimination of all nations with their culture and language that existed on the territory of USSR took place. regime of state was the creation of unified society, where were the one constitution of USSR, which named Russian the single language of communication. From that period in different parts of the biggest country of the world the policy of inculcation of Russian language started. This process was the ideology, which was considered by government of Russia. Following 70 years lead to the almost wholly losing of native language. As an casing of it in 1954 when virgin land started to build up 640.000 people from early(a) countries of Union came to KazSS R. As a consequence of it new educational establishments were built, but with this immigration only in south region of country 700 Kazakh schools were closed, children stayed without needed education.Also the names of water-lands were changed in Russian, in order to make more comfortable the smell of our guests. With this problem of eradication of folk wealth controlmd not only Kazakhstan, but other 12 countries of USSR, e peculiar(prenominal)ly Moldova, Azerbaijan, Latvia, Georgia, etc (Akishev, Baipakov, 1996). So, after colonization for almost 300 years young independent Republic of Kazakhstan had to face with problem of wholly reconstruction of society, policy and economy of country. As a consequence of this dependence became following data according to Agency of Statistics from 01.01.2004 the population of country is comprise to 14,952 million people 57, 19 % Kazakhs, 27, 24% Russians, 3, 14% Ukrainians, 2, 74% Uzbeks and other 120 nationalities. For the present time about 3 million Kazakhs do not complete their native language. 64,4 % of population possess with Kazakh, when 84,8% speak Russian (Agency of statistics of RK , 2004).B. Status of Kazakh language nowadaysWith getting sovereignty in 1991 Republic of Kazakhstan got opportunity to raise its national wealth. So, the new constitution from thirtieth August of 1995, in the 7th article of the first part (general provisions) of it states 1. the state language of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall be the Kazak language. 2. In state institutions and local self-administrative bodies the Russian language shall be officially used on equal grounds along with the Kazak language. 3. The state shall promote conditions for the study and development of the languages of the people of Kazakhstan. (Constitution of RK, 1995).C. Problems and discussions on the issue consort to B. Omarov (2005) the head of Committee on problems of language of Ministry of teaching, culture and sport in correspondents of State prog ramme of forge and development of languages for 2001-2010 years, affirmatived by decree of the president of RK from 07.02.2001 550 in all regions of democracy conduct measures of halting-placely change of office work on the state language. Because of this office work of 5 regions (Kyzylorda, Zhambyl, South-Kazkahstan, Atyrau, and Mangistau) was fully translated on state language. On the base of schedule of stagely translation of office work on state language cultivated republic agenda and brought in consideration of Government of RK. In accordance to this graphic from 01.01.2010 is expected fully translation of office work on state language. Due to this law there have been appeared problems of discrimination of not-Kazakh-speaking people in the country.Nowadays volume of people ask question, such what this change will lead to? correspond to Martha Brill Olcott (1997), there is a strong sense of disquiet among many of the countrys ethnic Russians, who feel that the break-up of the USSR has turned a familiar country into an alien one, and has left them as second-class citizens in what they themselves perceive as their native land. And the translation of language in office work will by chance grow gap between Kazakhstans Kazakhs and European communities. But specialists advise not to confuse. As Dariga Nazarbayeva states (2006), the change of language will not lead to discrimination of not-Kazakh-speaking people. Russian will stay as an official language. What just people should do to learn about hundred of words and do documentations basing on them? Akim of Almaty I. Tasmagambetov (2005) and deputy, poet M. Shahanov (2005) become intimate in the opinion that world experience of states shows that presence of native language impact on stability, security of independent country.Our principal(prenominal) aim is to raise the status of using Kazakh on the level of Russian. That is why akims actively accept the new law. They claim that the wealth that our anc estors gave to people should be kept. But there are some opposite points of view on this theme. Some non-Kazakh parts of population of RK call back that government tries to slow eradicate other nations from the land of Kazakhs. Some people, like O. Suleimenov (2005) the representative of RK in UNESCO thinks that republic is not stock-still ready for this change. This change may causes problems of leaving the country of other nations. At first, think this part of country, we should dress the fundament, prepare people to recreate grammar of language, to type reliable text books, in order to make easier the perusal deeply and efficiently the language.At that time the minister of education and science B. Aitimova (2006) states that state program of Kazakh language for 2001-2010 is developing. She claims that 77% of schools are in Kazakh or mixed. But state Secretary O. Abdikarimov does not agree with that by saying that 500 million tenge was given from budget, nevertheless, ther e are no results. The minister culture and information Y. Ertisbaev (2006) he offers to make social polls. So, after some time, the problem will be partly solved. heavysetThus, there are many views on the issue of changing language of office work in Astana. Arguments of both sights are very strong they were confirmed with statistics and prognoses of the critics. In discussions of the problem play role all social classes of Kazakhstan, because of this issue relates to all citizens of our country. Although there is no exact answer at the present time, but research will give it in the near future.III. Field research (Questionnaire results)A. General informationThe research question of present work is intended to find out what is the viewpoint of Astanas citizens to the establishment of unique state language in office work. Thus, in order to obtain useful statistics and find out what are the precise attitudes of people on this issue, given questionnaire was conducted by researches. T he field research was divided into three parts, which will allow to the reader comfortably find useful information (indirect data parking area information, direct specific material). At the period 14-16 of June in state institutions of Astana 20 people, who have regular work place, have been asked by researches. Target population of the research is adults from 18 years old, in which 11 are female and 9 are male. As respondents were the closest available people, convenience sampling was used.B. demographic (indirect) dataAt the process of work the category of age of respondents was divided into four parts 18-25 (10%), 25-35 (35%), 35-50 (50%), over 50 (5%). 80% are Kazakhs and 20% are Russian respondents. From chart 1 it can be seen that the level of knowing of Kazakh and Russian languages among 20 people picResearches have investigated that 50 per cent of people know Kazakh in advance, 35 colloquial and 15 % do not speak on state language, eon 90 % of people know Russian in adv ance and 10% colloquially. board 1 shows the component degree of people who knows foreign languages and what are that languages. Language Percentage English 25% German 25% Belarusian 5% Dont know other language 45% Table 1.The low-down part speaks English, another Germany, while 5 % know Belarusian and other 45% do not know any foreign language. It was investigated that all 20 people have high education, from which 14 people studied in Russian (70%) and 6 in Kazakh (30%). The chart 2 shows the in what language people mostly proclaim with each otherpicHalf of respondents communicate in Russian, when 30% talk in Kazakh and 20% of people speak on both languages. At the process of work it was defined that all 20 people have full-time permanent work place, 19 (95%) are state workers, and 1 (5%) is a member of join-stock company. C. Attitudes of people (direct data)The chart 3 demonstrates the position of people toward the establishment. pic 80% of people think that it is right to establish such innovation, 15 % has neutral position and 5% are against the law. 70% of respondents have positive point of view to the establishment, 25% are neutral and 5% have negative attitude. From 20 people, who was asked, 12 (60%) are expressed willingness to do office work in Kazakh, while 8 (40%) people are not ready to such work. Percentage of people who faced with office work in Kazakh Faced 60% Dont faced 40% From table 2 you may see that 60% of respondents have faced with doing office work in Kazakh while 40% do not. Table 2From table 3 you may find out the percentage level of kinds of spreading of information about the establishment of unique language in the office work. 36,4 % of respondents have got information from work, 20% from relatives, 18,2% from friends, 15,6% with mass-media, 3,2% from another sources, while 6,6% do not know about this law. Kinds of Percentage Spreading of info Relatives 20% Friends 18.2% Mass-media 15.6% At work36.4% Other 3.2% Do nt know about this law 6.6% Table 3.It was investigated in table 4 that change of language of office work for half of respondents has not any impact, 40% did not give answers, 5% do not know and on 5% has influence. The influence on work Percentage No 50% Yes 5% Do not know 5% Do not give answers 40% Table 4It was defined that 45% of people have not faced with any difficulties on work because of this establishment, 15% have some problems, and 40% did not give answers. It was investigated that the administration of state institutions have provide some conditions in order to prepare personnel to the establishment for 40% of respondents, and 60% have not got any programmes. People have book of factsed such conditions like providing CDs, preparing lessons, electronic portal, programmes. 35% are satisfied with conditions that government provides, 15% not utilized, 10% is neutral and 40% did nit give answers.To the open-ended questions 90% respondents have given different answers, 10 % preferred do not mention any suggestions. The majority of respondents suggested creating of courses, which will give opportunity to workers improve the level of knowing Kazakh. 20% of people were for establishment, but it was mentioned that this reform should be executed gradually. Another 20% have demonstrated desire to establish this law, because it is the time to raise the authority of state language. Someone was against establishment, and other, vice versus, suggested compulsory change language from Russian to Kazakh.D. SummaryIn spite the fact that most of people know more Russian that Kazakh, and that they communicate in Russian, it was investigated in generally that people have positive position to this establishment. There is a insufficiency of preparing courses, but people disposed well.IV. Analysis and discussionUnivariate analysisThe research question of present work is what is the attitude of Astana people to the establishment of unique state language in the office wo rk in Kazakhstan? After analyzing possible consequences the hypothesis stated that people would have negative point of view on the change of the language in the office work. a. Analyzing demographic data. As the change of language takes place in the state establishments, 95% of respondents were chosen from them. At the process of work it was investigated that the level of knowing Russian of 20 people, who were conducted the questionnaire, is higher than Kazakh 100% know official language, while 15% do not know state language at all.In spite the fact that everyone knows Russian and the major part 85% of people know Kazakh, only the half part speak in Russian and 20% use only Kazakh, while 30% speak on both languages. Thus, ignoring the fact that the majority people know Kazakh, language of communication among people still is mostly Russian. b. Analyzing attitudes of people to the establishment (questionnaire, literature review). The main luff of given work was to find the viewpoin t of Astana people to the establishment. From the tabular form of frequency dissemination we may see the main result of research. Table 1. Attitude to the establishment office work in Kazakh Frequency % Valid % Cum % Positive 14 70 70 70 Neutral 5 25 25 95 Negative 1 5 5 100 Total 20 100 100 More than half part of respondents have positive point of view on the change and only 5% were against it, so Astana people mostly are for establishment of state language. Analyzing the results of questionnaire, it was discovered that the major part of people think that it is right to change the language of documentation and they are ready to the transition. Authors made a prediction that the change of language may lead to conflicts among nations, it would be the discrimination of not-Kazakh people, the process of work will delay and quality of it would reduce. But the results show opposite thing main part of people state that they have not faced with any difficulties, that the change does not impact on the done work and its efficiency does not decrease. 80% of respondents were Kazakhs possibly, this is a reason of positive results in the questionnaire. Anyway, every man lives in Kazakhstan, may be that is why they have to answer positively, and may be, they had not other choice.Topic is very sensitive and both sides Kazakh and not-Kazakh people know it. Nowadays there are many issues on the theme of developing of Kazakh, and people do not react on them quasi(prenominal) someone is for raising the status of state language, someone afraid of this, because of unknowing Kazakh. Already 15 years Kazakhstan is independent country, it is obvious that Kazakh language should have specific status, it should have its own important place, and people should know it. It is already time to raise Kazakh, but not to eradicate Russian, because it is still the language on which all multinational population of country speaks, in which we communicate with our neighbours on internation al arena. People, by understanding it, should improve state language, by not disturbing official language. So, also, based on the results of questionnaire, it was found that government develops such things as courses, discs, electronic portals, programmes to prepare personnel to the change, but people mostly dissatisfied with these conditions, because almost all people suggest creating new instruments to improve language.This fact means that there is a lack of the books, special methods of studying, good teaching, etc. O. Suleimenov (2005) also came to this conclusion. He thinks that this change may cause problems of leaving the country of other nations. But there is a nuance for some questions (about have they faced with any difficultiesmbecause of the change, have establishment impact the work, do they satisfied with conditions that government creates to prepare personnel?) the third part of people did not give answers. Does it mean that people are hiding something and expert is r ight? In the reality the issue of language is very sensitive government tries to improve the authority of Kazakh while it seems that Russian is under discrimination. Among the members of parliament, government, also there are many debates on this theme.Akims, ministers say that they are undertaking measures as preparing personnel done the course, making privilege to people, who know Kazakh, raising their wages, but relying on opinions of people, we may conclude that it is not enough, because there is no efficient results, especially because the base of courses are very weak. There are some advantages and disadvantages of this issue for Kazakh people it is good because their language is developing, but for other nations it is difficult, but they can do nothing with it the law already exists, in spite the fact many people do not know Kazakh and there are no real measures that can prepare them. The data from literature review and questionnaire results are not similar, if some authorit ies are against establishment, main part of respondents support the change. This means that situation is not as negative as state the data of literature review. More people know or attainment Kazakh than official statistics show. The state of Kazakh is improving.V. ConclusionThe research question of present work is what is the attitude of Astana people to the establishment of unique state language in the office work in Kazakhstan? By considering the possible consequences and results, following hypotheses was made the attitude of major population of Astana would have negative point of view on this change of language of office work from Russian into Kazakh. According to the results of questionnaire, the prediction of authors was mistaken majority of respondents have positive viewpoint on the change, moreover, the ways to improve the situation were suggested by them. There were many disputes on the issue, some people think that will appear conflict that society is not ready, but, fortu nately, these were not justified. It is already time to improve the status of Kazakh people are for the change. The only one problem that should be eliminated to develop the base of preparing and teaching people.BibliographyAkishev, K. and Baipakov, K., 1996, Kazakhstan tarihi (kone zamannan buginge deiin). Almaty Atamura cited 01 June 2006. Kozybayev, K., 1995, Kazakhstan tarihi. Almaty Zhalyn. cited 01 June 2006. Piskareva, L., 2006, Ne zaboltat iazik, Vremia, 21(365), p. 3. cited 02 June 2006. Embassy of RK. 2005. The Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan. online. functional from http//www.kazakhstanembassy.org.uk/cgi-bin/index/225 cited 30 whitethorn 2006. Demography. 2004. O chislennosti naselenia online.Available from http//stat.kz/stat/index.aspx?p=dem04-041=ru. cited 02 June 2006. Nazarbayeva, D. 2005. V Kazakhstane ne planiruetsya perevodit deloproizvodstvo tolko na gosudarstvennii yazik. Available from http//base.zakon.kz/doc/ attorney/?uid=undefineddoc_id=30033184B cited 01 June 2006. Spravochnik iurist. 2005. Vopros akimu goroda Almaty.Available from http//base.zakon.kz/doc/lawyer/?uid=undefineddocid=30036955 cited 02 June 2006.Olcott, M. B., 1997. The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Online. Central Asian States An Overview of Fives Years of Independence.Available from www.ceip.org/people/mosenate.htm cited 02 June 2006.Omarov. B, 2005. Comitet po iazikam Ministerstva culture, informacii I sporta RK. Online. Skajite pojaluista.Available from http//base.zakon.kz/doc/lawyer/?uid=undefined doc_id=30029966 cited 01 June 2006.Shahanov, M., and Tereschenko, S., 2005. Problema yazika Online. Shahanova I Tereschenko reshili soobscha borotsya s kolonizatsiei.Available from http//base.zakon.kz/doc/lawyer/?uid=undefineddoc_id=30048383 cited 02 June 2006.Suleimenov, O., 2005. Problema yazika. Online. Vibori examen democratii.Available from http//base.zakon.kz/doc/lawyer/?uid=undefineddoc_id=30024571 cited 03 June 2006.

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At age 14, Stephen was taken by his father to the frontlines for training in combat to fight with the Serbian army. The next two years wold take Stephen all over the Balkans and would develop him to all kinds of death, privation and war atrocities. Eventually migrating as political refugees in the United States, in 1999, Stephen show difficulty in acculturation and adjustment.The constant displacement he experienced in war on with the mistrust bred by his past and cultural paranoia fostered by the Croatian community they lived with made it difficult for Stephen to acclimatise to peacetime setting. Roysircar describes Stephen as having recurrent thoughts and images of his violent experience in the Balkans. He experienced nightmares, hostility and a heavy(a) sense of a miss of belonging. Stephen also often recounted the difficulties he experienced including hiding in a basement and eating rats especially when angry.He also displays a deep-seated hatred for the Muslims and believes the Middle einsteinium should be wiped off the face of the Earth (Roysircar, 2004). While there may be models detailing stages of grief and recovery, social workers mustiness be prepared for insta nces that do not adhere to such models. In Stephens case while he did not directly lose any of his close family members, he was exposed at an early age to violence and death. He has also experienced being the cause of another humane beings death as he and his father fought on the Serbian army.This is no different from the Post-Traumatic Stress roughness exhibited by American soldiers returning from Vietnam or any other area where they fought in combat. A person does not have to lose anyone in range to feel grief, bereavement and suffer any disease that may result from it as evidenced by the little boy Johnnie and Stephen. Death in wartime is not limited to just the loss of a loved one. In a community where all able bodied men are called to arms, anybody can lose husbands, brothers, fathers and sons at any day.Families left behind are left to their own devices and imaginings of what horrors their loved ones are facing. Those who do lose family members are haunted by the manner by which their loved one died. There is also the unfortunate circumstance in war where death is an ambiguous issue. In the Vietnam War, many an(prenominal) people were reported missing in action. The families of such people were left at an awkward and horrible position of not knowing whether they should be mourn or belongings out hope for their loved ones return (Worden, 2003, p. 40).In some cases, some families do accept the reality that their loved one may be dead and go through the entire process of mourning and recovery only to be told later that their husbands and sons were simply prisoners of war and has since been released. While ordinarily this may telephone set like a fairy tale ending, there may come unbridgeable gaps and tension that can only ruin relationships and lives (p. 85). On the other hand, some families may keep clinging to the hope that their loved ones are alive and because refuse to give way to grief and acceptance.Stacy Bannerman (2007) is one of the many army wives whose espousal was broken up by war. In her article that appeared in The Progressive, she relates how her once happy marriage with one of the militarys mortar platoon commanders started qualifyinging downhill with every death he caused and witnessed during his stint in Iraq. She decries the insensitivity and lack of fend for for military families from the National Guard. She further cites how there was an absolute lack of prompt attention to the mental and emotional needs of returning military men who more often than not suffered from PTSD like her husband, Lorin did.Because of this, there have been military men who have survived their tour of trading only to succumb to mental and emotional anguish and end up committing suicide on American soil (Bannerman, 2007). It is the soldiers, their families, and the people of Iraq that contribute the human costs. The tab so far more than 3,000 dead U. S. troops, tens of thousands of wounded, over half a million Iraqi casualti es, roughly 250,000 American servicemen and women struggling with PTSD, and almost 60,000 military marriages that have been broken by this war (Bannerman, 2007).The problem here is that most of those left behind are left to cope with their own fears without the support of anybody else except family and members who are also wrapped up in their own concerns. In this case, social workers must be able to take the lead in establishing outreach and community groups so people do not have to cope and suffer in isolation. Carpenter (2002) states that the psychological well-being of the members of a community is one of the jobs of a social worker.While it is true that the trauma brought on by exposure to violence and death may be an individual process, healing and recovery needs societal support and strong relationships (Carpenter, 2002). This may become a challenge to families and communities who are dealing with their anxiety and grief. However, Carpenter reminds social workers that one of the primary goals of social work is to help empower the oppressed. Oppression in itself can take on many definitions and forms. In this particular case, it is the trauma and grief that is debilitating and oppressing the individual and the community.Social workers must also be prepared to look for signs of repressed grief. Some individuals choose to withhold and fail to express grief and therefore develop problems later in life often developing manias, paranoia and demonstrate abuse towards other people. At times, the feelings of grief or multiple losses of loved ones may lead to a grief congest that would cause an individual to delay grief (Worden, 2003, p. 91) The community as a social system can provide a network of support.Given the right leadership, empathy and sensitivity, it can also become a safe place where people can come to terms with their grief and slowly move on toward recovery. In the cases of Johnnie and Stephen, it took time before they were able to face and admit their anger, anxiety and grief at the bad things that they experienced and fear. Sometimes, self-reflection and a ready ear is all thats necessary. As clinically trained counselors and diagnosticians, social workers are tasked with the duty of helping people recognize and understand what problems they may have.Community-wise, social workers should have enough knowledge of the communitys demographics in order to unify and create a solid network of safety and interaction that may support troubled and grieving individuals particularly in conflict filled times such as war. Death at wartime comes in many forms. It could be the actual death of a loved one, anxiety at the possible death, loss at whether somebody is dead or not, or even those who continue to physically live but have broken spirits and permanent disabilities as a result of war wounds.Much as death is a big thing that affects not only the family but also the community as a whole, war brings with it so much more problems and issues that will undoubtedly challenge most social workers. Undertaking social work means one must be in sync with the community. By in sync, it covers everything from issues, key people, and resources that may be mobilized in times of need. War is a time of immense crisis and tragedy that the social worker must be prepared to face head on and ably lead and facilitate the processes by which the community may be transformed into a supportive societal system that each member may be able to depend on.This does not mean however that social workers cannot be affected or lose their sense of self in dealing with all these tragedies. Tsui and Cheung (2003) recommend a self-reflection on the part of the social worker in order to understand and come to terms with their own reactions and feelings to tragedies they both witness and hear about from their clients before attempting to deal further with the grief of others. They also stress that once social workers attend to their duties, they shou ld do so intellectually yet with empathy and focus on assessing and addressing the needs of the community rather than ones own (Tsui Cheung, 2003)References Aiken, L. R. (2001). Dying, Death, and Bereavement (4th ed. ). Mahwah, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Retrieved November 28, 2007, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=22091057 Bannerman, S. (2007, March). Broken by This War. The Progressive, 71, 26+. Retrieved November 28, 2007, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=5021139792 Carpenter, J. (2002). Mental Health Recovery look-alike Implications for Social Work. Health and Social Work, 27(2), 86+. Retrieved November 28, 2007, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst?a=od=5000778618 Gilbert, K. R. (2005). 1 When a Couple Loses a Child. In Family Stressors Interventions for Stress and Trauma, Catherall, D. R. (Ed. ) (pp. 5-30). New York Brunner Routledge. Retrieved November 28, 2007, from Questia database http//www. ques tia. com/PM. qst? a=od=109184971 Catherall, D. R. (Ed. ). (2005). Family Stressors Interventions for Stress and Trauma. New York Brunner Routledge. Retrieved November 28, 2007, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=109184958 Clements, P. T. , Deranieri, J. T. , Vigil, G. J. , Benasutti, K. M. (2004). look after Death Grief Therapy after the Sudden Traumatic Death of a Family Member. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 40(4), 149+. Retrieved November 28, 2007, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=5008586582 Hardcastle, D. A. , Powers, P. R. , Wenocur, S. (2004). Community Practice Theories and Skills for Social Workers. New York Oxford University Press. Retrieved November 28, 2007, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=104722138 Roysircar, G. (2004). Child survivor of War A Case Study. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 32(3), 168+.Retrieved November 28, 2007, from Questia database http//www. questia . com/PM. qst? a=od=5012181947 Sims, M. , Hayden, J. , Palmer, G. , Hutchins, T. (2000). Working in Early Childhood Settings with Children Who Have Experienced Refugee or War-Related Trauma. Australian Journal of Early Childhood, 25(4), 41. Retrieved November 28, 2007, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=5001127890 Smith, S. , Reynolds, C. (2002). Innocent Lost The Impact of 9-11 on the Development of Children. Annals of the American Psychotherapy Association, 5(5), 12+.Retrieved November 21, 2007, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=5002560442 Tsui, M. , Cheung, F. C. (2003). Dealing with Terrorism What Social Workers Should and Can Do. Social Work, 48(4), 556+. Retrieved November 28, 2007, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=5002045024 Worden, J. W. (2003). Grief steering and Grief Therapy A Handbook for the Mental Health Practitioner. Hove, England Brunner-Routledge. Retrieved November 28, 2007, from Ques tia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=108479290

Ethnic groups Essay Example for Free

Ethnic groups EssayHistorical descriptions of heathen groups be normally aimed at establishing genuine pattern of perception and interpretation and as well at as clarifying racial differences and peculiarities. On the other hand, the essays, written by the representatives of American nation, sometimes prominently demonstrate biased attitude towards the prototypical otherness. In Gjerdes book one can find the extracts from historical documents, addressing such ethnic groups as Chinese, Mexicans and Hindu.Due to the fact that East Asian immigrants deprived Americans of their work in food takings at the beginning of the 20th century, the statement or so their immorality doesnt seem surprising. The earlier documents put on that Chinese lifestyle is unacceptable for American citizens, due to their immoral beliefs and convictions in family as a behind of sound society. Moreover, such nominal households are viewed as pathology there are apparently few families invigoration as such, with legitimate children (p. 276). Further more(prenominal), J.Blaine argues that Chinese should not be regarded as Christians, as their patterns of social life tremendously differ from those of European immigrants, who seek to settle down and begin family life in the U. S. His arguments seem sort of unusual for a modern reader You cannot work a man who must wee plain and bread, alongside of a man, who can live on rice (p. 277). In 1911, the Asiatic Exclusion group discussion held that Asian immigrants experienced troubles getting along with local communities and integrating into American society.It is important to keep in mind that multiculturalism arose in the U. S. comparatively not long ago, so the beginning of the 20th century was definitely a period of racial discrimination for instance, Asians (Chinese, Hindu and Japanese) were charged with their religious beliefs and the extrapolation of their understanding of worship and spiritism onto the Christian land, where t hey erected they pagan shrines and arranged rituals, which offended modern moral tradition.European immigrants, in turn, are pictured as individuals with low intelligence and poor morality, peculiarly Polish Jews, who adopted American names, but belonged to the discrete religious groups and seemed dangerous due to their craftiness (Levin, 1997). The ex-Europeans are shown similar to Caliban, the mythological monster due to the domination of Lombrosos criminological physiognomy, they are regarded as dangerous given their show, including large stature and poor lively dictionary, which seems an indicator of mental tardiness.That the Mediterranean peoples are morally below the raceways of Northern Europe is as veritable as any social fact. Even when they were dirty, ferocious barbarians, these blonds were truthtellers Immigration officials find that the different peoples are as day and night in point of veracity, and report vast trouble in extracting the truth from pilot film brunet nationalities (p. 285). Even the closest siblings of Americans, the British, are also described as narrow-minded people, who have no ambitions or aspirations (Levin, 1997, Fraser, 1995).Mexican immigrants are depicted by Mr. Box as impulsive individuals, whose blood assure the mixture of Mediterranean, Spanish and Indian genes and, moreover, mixed with Negroes and mulattos and therefore can be considered an inferior race that lacks more or less established traditions and common sense. In addition, the author indicates that Mexicans are illiterate and negligent in terms of basic sanitary and hygiene and therefore are particularly exposed to viral diseases. crime and pauperism are also attributed to this ethnic group, as Mexicans have exceptionally rush and impetuous natures and are therefore predisposed to serious deviance and disobedience. The case known as Thind v. United States conceptualizes the meaning of race and distinguishes amid ethnic groups in order to draw the mo st correct definition of American as a representative of the nation.Race as a legal term is addressed through the descriptions of definite groups, which possess common characteristics, in addition, the paper recognizes that Americans, Hindu and Caucasians have common ancestor, whereas there is a notable diversity in terms of appearance. The paper nonetheless takes discriminatory cost to nativism and indicates that Hindu immigrants cannot be viewed as native Americans in any case, as they inherit their ethnic characteristics, whereas French, german and British immigrants easily absorb into American nation and therefore can be regarded as free sportys.John Highman, analyzing the document, claims that racial nativism is a historically controversial issue given the complicated social and political development of the United States the mental picture or race and the moral evaluation of racial characteristics are completely determined by contemporary attitudes towards various cultura l groups. In addition, the methodological problems underlies in the gradual modification of public understanding of race, whose original indicator was skin color when the first scholars were attempting to identify and outline the racial constructs.Such pragmatic and oversimplified approach was to great extent convenient in the period of colonization, as they allowed literally making difference between aliens and peers and maintain Christian superiority in the country. The epoch of Romanticism was marked with the so-called Anglo-Saxonism, which pointed to the uniqueness of race, especially Anglo-Saxon derivation, appealing to psychology and emotional intelligence.Naturalists, on the contrary sought to identify the similarities of external appearance skin color, stature and skull form. Quite commonly, the school associated physical with cultural differences and displayed, in doing so, a feeling of white superiority over colored race. On the whole, however, the leading scientific think ers did not regard race differences as permanent, pure and unalterable (p. 293).The natural scientists addressed the notion of heredity and further gave birth to eugenics, the science about artificial selection and resulted in the numerous immigration restrictions, primarily because of the belief in the inheritance of nature traits, which, as one can conclude from historical documents were stigmatized as unacceptable practically in traffic to each immigrant group. At the same time, Ripley, an anthropologist, after studying the traits and characteristics of European population, categorized Europeans into three groups Teutonic, Mediterranian and Alphine.Due to the scientific enlightenment, the final historical event that resulted in the definition of free white American was Grants study, which suggested the supremacy of Anglo-Saxon group and implied the acceptance of European ethnic groups, proved as racially and genetically close to Americans. Haney-Lopez provides a brief historica l overview of the Thinds and Ozawas cases and shows the so-called societal pressure upon the courts decision even though Thind unquestionably was Caucasian (the descendant of white race), he wasnt identified as free white, because of commonly shared standard of whiteness, which he failed to fit into.In Ozawas case, the Court simply pointed to the plaintiffs Mongolian origin and rejected the color show only because of the dominant position of whiteness-oriented religious values, which were likely to be challenged through overlapping of races(p. 301). When Thind undeniable naturalization, the prejudiced attitude towards Hindu ethnic group became a considerable obstacle, whereas scientific facts showed that his petition should have been satisfied, but the verdict referred to the opinion of average man.This means, the issue of race is not purely physiological or psychological, but refers more to the multifaceted social construct, which, as it has been noted, relates to the perception of otherness. In fact, if the Court had naturalize Thind, numerous political changes should have been introduced, such as wage norms and labor standards for Hindu, so the judicial eubstance acted in favor of government political course.Reference listLevin, M. (1997).Why Race Matters Race Differences and What They Mean (Human Evolution, Behavior, and Intelligence). Praeger. Fraser, S. (1995). The toll curve wars race, intelligence, and the future of America. New York BasicBooks. Gjerde. Racialization of Immigrants, 1880-1930, pp. 275-290. Highman, J. The Evolution of Thought on Race and the Development of Scientific Racism. In Gjerde, pp. 291-298 Haney-Lopez, I. The Evolution of Legal Constructions of Race and Whiteness. In Gjerde, pp. 298-305

Descartes and Hume’s Infinity Essay Example for Free

Descartes and Humes Infinity EssayThe word datelessness refers to several patterns only if any pertains to something that is without curtail or endless. Most of the time, it is utilize in the field of mathematics but the archetype is likewise employd in several other fields including philosophy. This paper will try to study Rene Descartes and David Humes concepts and views of infinity as head as the problems regarding their concepts. For Rene Descartes, the word infinity is attributed and is referred to a perfect being, to divinity fudge. On the other hand, although most of his infinity raises most paradoxes that are very challenging for his empiricism, David Hume asserts that we can non comprehend infinity.According to Descartes, infinity is the same as god or that immortal is the same as infinity. He also proves the creation of God by victimisation the concept of infinity as an illustration. Descartes also said that he is able to see infinity because he is abl e to think and imagine a large object and as well as a larger object but not the largest object. Descartes stated the existence of god is proven by the use of infinity because according to him, if you have the theme of infinity and yet cannot witnessed it proves the existence of God.This is because our so called finite self will not be able to generate the stem of something like infinity and therefore the desire must then came from a somewhere or some bingle of unnumberable being, from God. The ability of God is also proven by infinity because according to Descartes, the continuity of thing should be conserved and therefore necessarily the continuous power that is supporting it.On the other hand, according to David Hume, because it is by faith that we know that God exist and so we will know his nature in the heaven. If there is a God with eternal attributes, then he is therefore infinitely incomprehensible without proportion to us human beings. Therefore Hume objects the con cept of infinity because we cannot experience infinity therefore we have no adequate idea of what infinity really is. Because of his belief and thinking, he take down proposes to replace the notion of endless or unbounded, infinity, by a time and space theory.That every idea that we have is copied from a similar impression is the fundamental of Humes arguments. So according to Hume, our idea of God together with his attributes such as his infinite intelligence, good being and all his infinite abilities and characteristics are just products of our own intellectual, increasing that idea without limit those qualities. Therefore our notion and familiarity of god is not brought by any revelations or something that god put on us but rather by of us taking our normal attributes and increasing these attributes to infinity. The major problem regarding the theory and idea of Hume is that it contradicts some principles in geometry such as the Pythagorean theorem. David Humes theory includes the denial of the thesis that propagation infinitely divisible. Still, how Hume critiques the idea of infinity is said to be a product of Enlightenment theory of Knowledge. overly the theories of Hume disprove the existence of God in which case most people will definitely resist and critique and would say inverse that we does not create God but rather God created us. In this case it is certain that many people will be against Humes principles and ideology. The problem with Descartes ideas is that he of necessity the existence of a perfect being in order to be able to have a clear idea of what is infinity. Also the argument of Descartes is a circular argument because he proves the existence of God using the idea of infinity and at the same time his idea of infinity relies on the acquaintance of God. The clarity of his ideas is relied on God and God on his ideas.Since Descartes infinity theory relies on the concept of having an infinite and perfect being in our mind, there surely be misconceptions and understand on the concept since our mind is able to entertain several things that may include fiction or something that is untrue.Greek gods, goddesses as well as super heroes are some of the examples that we entertain in our minds that are far and/or not part of the real world. Also since several(predicate) person have different views and as well familiarity and understanding, there could be as many interpretations of the word infinity as there are people. And how or so those that did not believe in the existence of God? Does that mean that they are not capable of understanding what infinity is? Definitely not and therefore Descartes concept of infinity applies to limited people only.The main parity and difference between Rene Descartes ideas of infinity to that of Hume is that both of them uses the concept of God making their argument. They both use the concept and knowledge of a so-called infinite being in their arguments.Also they are in different and in conflict because Descartes proves the existence of God by using the concept of infinity and Hume do the opposite, disproving the existence of God as disproving the concept of infinity. In Descartes statement, infinity exist although we cannot see it. The mere fact that the idea of infinity is in our minds prove that there really is an infinite being, a God that created all things and that sustains it by his infinite attributes. On the other hand, Hume believes that we cannot comprehend and understand infinity and it therefore there exist no such thing.It can be said that both Descartes and Hume have an idea of what infinity is. Their difference is the idea whether infinity is achievable or not. For Descartes, infinity or God exist although we cannot see it or even imagine it that basically is infinity. On the other hand, Hume disapprove the concept of infinity saying that since we cannot see or visualize infinity, infinity does not exist and should be replaced by something that exist, something real like time and space.Although the 2 ideas are conflicting in can be said that they are truly believable and without advance and close study of the matter, we may really be misguided. Still, whether we believe Descartes or Hume depends on us, no one will force us to believe someone. What is important is that we really have the basis of our beliefs.ReferenceBrown, R. G. (2007). God, dock and Spark. Retrieved December 04, 2007 from http//www.phy.duke.edu/rgb/Poetry/hot_tea/hot_tea/node31.htmlHolding, J. P. (No Date). Humaen Understanding. Retrieved December 04, 2007 fromhttp//www.tektonics.org/gk/hume01.htmlLeahy, J. P. (2000). Infinity and Eternity of the Universe. Retrieved December 04, 2007 fromhttp//www.jb.man.ac.uk/jpl/cosmo/infinity.html